Jitter reduction through feedback for picosecond pulsed InGaAsPlasers

Following a comparison of picosecond-pulse generation techniques, feedback schemes are reported for the generation of picosecond pulse trains with improved jitter for both multicontact and conventional single-contact InGaAsP-InP lasers. Subpicosecond jitter is achieved for Q-switched laser sources using a novel optoelectronic feedback scheme. The use of resonant electrical feedback is shown to improve the timing jitter of gain-switched pulses by up to six times. Pulse-to-pulse timing jitter as low as 250 fs is demonstrated for a hybrid of optical and electrical feedback schemes. Limits for timing jitter in diode lasers are established for optoelectronic, electrical, and optical feedback schemes, and the key picosecond pulse generation schemes are compared in terms of timing jitter for the first time     

Atmospheric Chemistry of 2-Ethyl Acrolein

The atmospheric oxidation of the unsaturated aldehyde 2-ethyl acrolein, CH₂=C(C₂H₅)CHO, has been studied in laboratory experiments involving the reaction of ozone with 2-ethyl acrolein in the dark (with cyclohexane added to scavenge the hydroxyl radical), and the sunlight irradiation of 2-ethyl acrolein with NO in air. The major carbonyl products of the 2-ethyl acrolein reaction with ozone are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and the dicarbonyl ethylglyoxal, CH₃CH₂COCHO. Sunlight irradiation of 2-ethyl acrolein and NO led to the formation of three carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and ethylglyoxal) and three peroxyacyl nitrates, (RC(O)OONO₂), including PAN (R = CH₃), PPN (R = C₂H₅), and the unsaturated compound EPAN (R = CH₂=C(C₂H₅)). Mechanisms are outlined for the reactions of ozone and of the hydroxyl radical with 2-ethyl acrolein. These mechanisms are consistent with the observed carbonyl and peroxyacyl nitrate products. Thermal decomposition, a major atmospheric removal process for peroxyacyl nitrates, has been studied for EPAN. The decomposition rate of EPAN relative to that of PAN is 0.59–0.73 at 292–294 K and 1 atm of air. Atmospheric implications of these results are discussed.     

Feedstock aids microPIM parts production: Tiny cogs test the imagination of powder professionals as small parts demand ever-finer materials…

With commercially available PIM feedstock reportedly unable to fulfill the requirements for the microPIM components under investigation, researchers at the Institute for Materials Research III (IMR) in Karlsruhe, Germany, have developed new binder systems for feedstock based on both nanoceramic and ultrafine metallic powders. In the case of ceramics (zirconia) the powders can be as fine as 300 nm, and for metals in the 3μm-5μm particle size range. The powders are used to develop PIM gearwheels (Figure 1) and other components for a demonstrator micro annular gear pump design (Figure 2); however, the technology is also said to be applicable to micro gears used in watches.     

东莞市水污染现状及其对策探讨

通过分析东莞市河流、水库、饮用水源地、河库底质污染现状以及1998-2003年部分河道水质变化趋势,找出本地区水污染问题和原因,提出改善水环境的对策措施。     

On the "adiabatic approximation" for design of control laws for linear, time-varying systems

Control laws are often designed for linear time-varying processes by solving the algebraic Riccati equation for the optimum control law at each instant of time. Such designs may be called "adiabatic approximations." Although they are not optimum, they can result in closed loop systems which perform well. The stability of systems designed using the adiabatic approximation can be assessed by the "second method of Lyapunov." Stability is assured if a readily computed test matrixF, which depends on the rate of change of the parameters of the system, is negative-definite.     

基于图像处理的炮管轴线直线度检测方法

在分析国内外直线度检测现状和比较了直线度测量的激光准直法、圆度法、杠杆法优缺点的基础上,提出了一种基于图像处理的炮管轴线直线度检测激光反射法.该方法通过激光器发出激光,经准直后射向分光镜,部分反射后射向测量元件.测量元件在炮管内移动并感知炮管实际轴线位置的变化.激光经反射后透射过分光镜到光靶上,CCD摄像机摄得光靶上被测信息的图像.经过图像处理及数据处理得出对应被测截面图像中的激光束中心,按照角度积累的公式计算出轴线直线度误差.同时论述了在Win98和VC++6.0环境下软件实现的步骤.实验结果表明该方法具有灵敏度高、测量速度快,对被测对象尺寸要求较低,适合在工厂内使用等优点.