An Effective Test and Diagnosis Algorithm for Dual‐Port Memories

This paper proposes a test algorithm that can detect and diagnose all the faults occurring in dual‐port memories that can be accessed simultaneously through two ports. In this paper, we develop a new diagnosis algorithm that classifies faults in detail when they are detected while the test process is being developed. The algorithm is particularly efficient because it uses information that can be obtained by test results as well as results using an additional diagnosis pattern. The algorithm can also diagnose various fault models for dual‐port memories.     

A 6 Gbps/pin Low‐Power Half‐Duplex Active Cross‐Coupled LVDS Transceiver with Switched Termination

A novel linear switched termination active cross‐coupled low‐voltage differential signaling (LVDS) transceiver operating at 1.5 GHz clock frequency is presented. On the transmitter side, an active cross‐coupled linear output driver and a switched termination scheme are applied to achieve high speed with low current. On the receiver side, a shared preamplifier scheme is employed to reduce power consumption. The proposed LVDS transceiver implemented in an 80 nm CMOS process is successfully demonstrated to provide a data rate of 6 Gbps/pin, an output data window of 147 ps peak‐to‐peak, and a data swing of 196 mV. The power consumption is measured to be 4.2 mW/pin at 1.2 V.     

How much do we gain by introducing route optimization in Proxy Mobile IPv6 networks?

Proxy Mobile IPv6 has been developed from the concept of network-based mobility support protocol in the Internet Engineering Task Force. The recently published specification of Proxy Mobile IPv6 only focuses on the mobility support without a mobile host’s participation in the mobility signaling. Then, route optimization issues are left in the basket for further works. In this paper, we explore the existing route optimization proposals that are analyzed and matched against a list of functional and operational angles. Then, the chosen two route optimization proposals are evaluated in terms of signaling cost, packet delivery cost, total cost, and service blocking probability. Through the provided analysis results, we demonstrate that route optimization solves the ineffective routing path problem when the mobile host communicates with its corresponding host and argue that the scalability of Proxy Mobile IPv6 architecture is also improved due to the distributed routing path. In addition, the cost model developed in this paper would be a reference model in order to facilitate decision making for further route optimization design.     

A load-aware energy-efficient and throughput-maximized asynchronous duty cycle MAC for wireless sensor networks

Being a pivotal resource, conservation of energy has been considered as the most striking issue in the wireless sensor network research. Several works have been performed in the last years to devise duty cycle based MAC protocols which optimize energy conservation emphasizing low traffic load scenario. In contrast, considering the high traffic situation, another research trend has been continuing to optimize both energy efficiency and channel utilization employing rate and congestion control at the MAC layer. In this paper, we propose A Load-aware Energy-efficient and Throughput-maximized Asynchronous Duty Cycle MAC (LET-MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks to provide an integrated solution at the MAC layer considering both the low-and high-traffic scenario. Through extensive simulation using ns-2, we have evaluated the performance of LET-MAC. LET-MAC achieves significant energy conservation during low traffic load (i.e., no event), compared to the prior asynchronous protocol, RI-MAC, as well as attains optimal throughput through maximizing the channel utilization and maintains lower delay in regard to the CSMA/CA-like protocol during a high volume of traffic (i.e., when an event occurs).     

Device and circuit level suppression techniques for random-dopant-induced static noise margin fluctuation in 16-nm-gate SRAM cell

In this study, a three-dimensional “atomistic” coupled device-circuit simulation is performed to explore the impact of process-variation-effect (PVE) and random-dopant-fluctuation (RDF) on static noise margin (SNM) of 16-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) static random access memory (SRAM) cells. Fluctuation suppression approaches, based on circuit and device viewpoints, are further implemented to examine the associated characteristics in 16-nm-gate SRAM cells. From the circuit viewpoint, the SNM of 8T planar SRAM is enlarged to 230 mV and the variation of SNM (σ_SNM) is reduced to 22 mV at a cost of 30% extra chip area. As for device level improvement, silicon-on-insulator (SOI) FinFETs replaced the planar MOSFETs in 6T SRAM is further examined. The SNM of 6T SOI FinFETs SRAM is 125 mV and the σ_SNM is suppressed significantly to 5.4 mV. However, development of fabrication process for SOI FinFET SRAM is crucial for sub-22 nm technology era.     

Optical transmission over 140 km at 40 Gbit/s by optical timedivision multiplexing/demultiplexing

Transmission at 40 Gbit/s over 140 km of dispersion-shifted fibre has been demonstrated. An optical sensitivity of 28.5 dBm (BER=10⁹ ) was achieved at the optimum operating wavelength of 1556 nm and a power penalty of <1 dB was obtained for 1554-1557.5 nm wavelengths. The two optically demultiplexed 20 Gbit/s channels exhibited negligible difference in sensitivity     

Conformal array controlled by photonics

A 96-element conformal array controlled by photonics was built and tested for airborne radars. The L-band array consists of 1 km fibre-optic links and a photonic time shift network. There was no beam squint (shift in angle) as the frequency sweeps over the entire band (850-1400 MHz). A nanosecond impulse response was measured to demonstrate a 50% instantaneous bandwidth (550 MHz), corresponding to a 30 cm range resolution     

Extreme Two‐Phase Cooling from Laser‐Etched Diamond and Conformal,Template‐Fabricated Microporous Copper

This paper reports the first integration of laser‐etched polycrystalline diamond microchannels with template‐fabricated microporous copper for extreme convective boiling in a composite heat sink for power electronics and energy conversion. Diamond offers the highest thermal conductivity near room temperature, and enables aggressive heat spreading along triangular channel walls with 1:1 aspect ratio. Conformally coated porous copper with thickness 25 µm and 5 µm pore size optimizes fluid and heat transport for convective boiling within the diamond channels. Data reported here include 1280 W cm^?2 of heat removal from 0.7 cm² surface area with temperature rise beyond fluid saturation less than 21 K, corresponding to 6.3 × 10⁵ W m^?2 K^?1. This heat sink has the potential to dissipate much larger localized heat loads with small temperature nonuniformity (5 kW cm^?2 over 200 µm × 200 µm with <3 K temperature difference). A microfluidic manifold assures uniform distribution of liquid over the heat sink surface with negligible pumping power requirements (e.g., <1.4 × 10^?4 of the thermal power dissipated). This breakthrough integration of functional materials and the resulting experimental data set a very high bar for microfluidic heat removal.     

Anodized Aluminum Oxide/Polydimethylsiloxane Hybrid Mold for Roll‐to‐Roll Nanoimprinting

Two types (hard and soft) of the molds are widely used in nanoimprint lithography for a high throughput over a large area, and high‐resolution parallel patterning. Although hard molds have proven excellent resolutions and can be used at high temperatures, cracks often occur in the mold in addition to the requirement of high imprinting pressure. On the other hand, though soft molds can operate at lower pressures, they give poor pattern resolution. Here, a novel hybrid mold of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template attached to a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) plate is introduced. Due to the flexible nature of PDMS, various polymer nanostructures are obtained on flat and curved substrates without crack formation on the AAO mold surface. Furthermore, the hybrid mold is successfully used for roll‐to‐roll imprinting for the fabrication of high density array of various shaped polymeric nanostructures over a large area.     

New queueing strategies employing service interval-based priority for real-time communications in atm networks

In this paper, we propose queueing strategies employing the service interval-based priority (sip) which can provide delay-bounded, and loss-free services, while maximizing bandwidth utilization in the atm network. We also describe a variation of the sip, the residual service interval-based priority (rsip) which can achieve almost full utilization by assigning priorities dynamically on the basis of the residual service interval. We store the realtime cells belonging to different connections in logically separated queues, and for each queue, we set a parameter called service interval, during which only one cell is allowed to be transmitted. The sip server takes and transmits the head-of-line (hol) cell of the queue which has the smallest service interval, while the rsip server selects the queue with the smallest residual service interval. When there is no eligible real-time cell, it transmits non-real-time cell, thus enabling a maximized bandwidth utilization. Employing the above queueing strategies, we analyze the delay characteristics deterministically with the leaky bucket bounded input traffic and then dimension the optimal service interval. In dimensioning the service interval and buffer space of each real-time service queue, we consider burstiness of traffic in conjunction with delay constraints, so that bandwidth utilization can get maximized. In addition, we consider the issues of protection from malicious users, average bandwidth utilization, and coupling between the delay bound and the bandwidth allocation granularity.