Diagnosis and therapy of aortic prosthetic fistulas: trends over a 30-year experience

A retrospective study was carried out of patients from a single institution over a 30-year period. Thirty-one patients presented with 33 fistulas, four non-enteric and 27 enteric. In 25 of 27 patients with a prosthesis-related enteric fistula gastrointestinal bleeding was present. Angiography revealed the fistula in five patients endoscopy in three, and barium studies, echography and computed tomography each revealed one fistula. Six patients died before and five died during operation. In 20 patients various techniques were used for treatment. In-hospital mortality decreased from six of eight patients before 1970, to seven of ten between 1971 and 1980, and to four of 13 after 1981. In the long term, patients treated with an extra-anatomic reconstruction had a poorer prognosis than those treated by in situ reconstruction. This experience shows that diagnostic tests often fail to reveal a prosthesis-related fistula and that mortality can be substantially reduced by early exploration in patients with negative diagnostic studies.     

The effect of aluminum hydroxide dissolution on the bleeding of aluminum lake dyes

The effect of pH on the bleeding of FD&C yellow No. 5 aluminum lake and FD&C red No. 40 aluminum lake was investigated. The pH-bleeding profiles corresponded to the pH-solubility profile of aluminum hydroxide. The similarity of the bleeding profiles of both lake dyes and the pH-solubility profile of aluminum hydroxide indicates that pH related bleeding, other than that occurring by competition with anions, is a result of dissolution of the aluminum hydroxide substrate. This dissolution is related to the properties of the substrate rather than to the structure of adsorbed dye.     

Echocardiographic wall motion abnormalities and the signal averaged electrocardiogram in the acute phase of a first myocardial infarction

We studied the relationship between wall motion abnormalities determined by echocardiography and the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in 82 consecutive patients during the acute phase of a first myocardial infarction. An abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram was defined as the presence of two of the following criteria: a QRS duration > or = 114 ms, a root mean square voltage (RMS) of the last 40 ms < or = 25 microV and an amplitude signal lower than 40 microV lasting > or = 39 ms. The left ventricle was divided into 13 segments and the contraction pattern divided into akinesia alone (including dyskinesia) (group A), hypokinesia alone (group B) and both hypokinesia and akinesia (group C). An abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram was found in 14/82 patients (17%) and was correlated with the persistence of occlusion of the infarct-related vessel (32% vs 9%, P < 0.02). In patients with a patent vessel, the incidence of an abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram was 14% in group A, 9% in group B and 0% in group C (NS). In patients with an occluded vessel an abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram was found in 10% of group A patients, in 36% in group B patients and in 75% of group C patients (P = 0.05). Our study suggests that the presence of hypokinetic areas during the acute phase of a first myocardial infarction and an abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram indicate an occluded infarct-related vessel.     

Search for chlorinated sesquiterpene lactones in the neurotoxic thistle Centaurea solstitialis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and model studies on their possible artifactual formation

An HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of sesquiterpene lactones of the neurotoxic plant Centaurea solstitialis (Asteraceae). The presence of sesquiterpene lactone chlorohydrins in extracts was investigated by means of liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry. In contrast to earlier reports of a series of mono- and dichlorohydrins from this plant, traces only of two monochlorohydrins could be detected in lipophilic extracts. Model studies carried out with extracts and with the genuine sesquiterpene diepoxide repin and its epimer subluteolide showed that (i) monochlorohydrins can be formed in CHCl3 under usual laboratory conditions; (ii) the epoxide moiety at C-4 of the sesquiterpenes is extremely labile, reacting immediately and quantitatively with traces of HCl to the corresponding monohydrins; (iii) epoxide ring opening at the acyl side chain occurs only at higher HCl concentrations. Confirmation of the peak identity was obtained by the isotope ratio of chlorinated compounds and comparison with authentic samples. The structures of the mono- and dichlorohydrins were established by NMR spectroscopy.     

Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes the proliferation of human megakaryocyte progenitor cells

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a multifunctional growth factor produced by bone marrow stromal cells, is known to be a potent modulator of hematopoiesis. Because bFGF is present in both human megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets, we have hypothesized that this growth factor might affect human megakaryocytopoiesis. To test this hypothesis, either low density bone marrow (BM) cells (LDBM), a human BM subpopulation (CD34+ DR+) enriched for the colony-forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) or a BM subpopulation (CD34+ DR-) enriched for the more primitive burst-forming unit megakaryocyte (BFU-MK) were assayed in the presence of this growth factor. The effect of bFGF on MK colony formation differed according to the cell population assayed. bFGF alone had on MK colony-stimulating activity (MK-CSA) when either CD34+ DR+ or CD34+ DR- BM cells were cloned, but exhibited MK-CSA equivalent to that of interleukin-3 (IL-3) when LDBM cells were used as the target cell population. The MK-CSA of bFGF was inhibited by the addition of neutralizing antisera to either IL-3 and/or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) but not IL-6. The addition of excess amounts of either IL-3 or GM-CSF to cultures containing bFGF plus anti-IL-3 or anti-GM-CSF reversed the inhibition by the corresponding antisera. The addition of bFGF and IL-3 to assays containing CD34+ DR+ or CD34+ DR- cells increased the size of both CFU-MK- and BFU-MK-derived colonies, respectively, when compared with assays containing IL-3 alone. This increase in MK colony size mediated by bFGF was not affected by addition of either an anti-GM-CSF or anti-IL-6 neutralizing antisera. When LDBM cells were assayed, bFGF alone increased CFU-MK-derived colony size when compared with control values. However, this potentiation of MK colony size by bFGF could be reversed by the addition of either anti-IL-3 or anti-GM-CSF but not anti-IL-6 antisera. In addition, the effects of bFGF and IL-3 on the size of MK colonies cloned from LDBM were not additive. These results suggest that bFGF affects human megakaryocytopoiesis by directly promoting MK progenitor cell proliferation and stimulating BM accessory cells to release growth factor(s) with MK-CSA, such as IL-3 and GM-CSF. We conclude that bFGF, likely produced by cellular components of the BM microenvironment, plays an important role in the control of human megakaryocytopoiesis.