异麦芽低聚糖的生产

<正> 在现今的食品工业中,消费者对功能性食品的需求日益增加,相关的产品与行业异军突起。作为一种能防止蛀牙,又含双歧杆菌的增长因子,能改善肠内菌丛的食品添加剂,异麦芽低聚糖深受市场的关注,并已得到广泛的应用。 异麦芽低聚糖通常被称为“ALO混合物” (Anomalously LinkedOligosaccharides,不规则连接的低聚糖),成分包括异麦芽糖、潘糖、异麦芽三糖及其他几种支链低聚糖。它带有甜味,不被酵母发酵,具有低粘度、高保温性、抗微生物污染、防焙烤产品老化等功能特性。     

Neonatal small left colon syndrome: its relationship to aganglionosis and meconium plug syndrome

Neonatal small left colon syndrome is a cause of functional colon obstruction in newborn infants, with a high association of maternal diabetes. There has been much confusion regarding its relationship to meconium plug syndrome and aganglionosis. Six cases of aganglionosis (2 in infants of diabetic mothers) were encountered in which the radiographic findings were identical to small left colon syndrome, indicating the need for caution in dismissing aganglionosis solely on the basis of a small left colon seen radiographically in a newborn infant with colon obstruction. Small left colon and meconium plug syndrome are overlapping entities in the total spectrum of functional intestinal obstruction in newborn infants.     

Prospective evaluation for pneumonectomy using the 99mtechnetium quantitative perfusion lung scan

We evaluated 33 high-risk patients before pneumonectomy, all of whom had a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of less than 2.0 L before surgery. A quantitative perfusion lung scan was used to assess the right-left distribution of blood flow. A predicted postoperative FEV1 was calculated from the information on the lung scan and the preoperative FEV1. If this calculated value exceeded 800 ml, the patient was physiologically cleared for surgery up to and including a pneumonectomy. Surgery was otherwise believed to be contraindicated in the absence of studies using balloon occlusion. Perioperative mortality (less than or equal to 30 days after surgery) was found to be 15 percent (5/33). In surgery of this magnitude, we find this to be an acceptable percentage of mortality and have continued to use these simple physiologic criteria to determine whether a patient can tolerate pneumonectomy.     

Performance characteristics of rules for internal quality control: probabilities for false rejection and error detection

When assessing the performance of an internal quality control system, it is useful to determine the probability for false rejections (pfr) and the probability for error detection (ped). These performance characteristics are estimated here by use of a computer stimulation procedure. The control rules studied include those commonly employed with Shewhart-type control charts, a cumulative sum rule, and rules applicable when a series of control measurements are treated as a single control observation. The error situations studied include an increase in random error, a systematic shift, a systematic drift, and mixtures of these. The probability for error detection is very dependent on the number of control observations and the choice of control rules. No one rule is best for detecting all errors, thus combinations of rules are desirable. Some appropriate combinations are suggested and their performance characteristics are presented.     

Experimental tests of proton beam localization

The depth of penetration of heavy charged-particle therapy beams is sensitive to the density of tissues traversed. Maximum depth of dose contours will vary appreciably as the beam passes through bone, muscle, lung, and air or gas. Calculations suggest that beam activation of the short-lived positron-emitting isotope 15O in vivo will permit localization of proton therapy beams with resonable detected-event density and dose. Preliminary tests of this method indicate that the beam can be located at depth with a typical dose of 15 rad, using a large field-of-view positron camera on-ling. This technique is also applicable to other heavy charged-particle beams, negative pions, and heavy ions.     

The construction and use of nomograms for cerebral blood flow calculation using a 133Xe inhalation technique

Measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using a 133Xe inhalation technique requires monitoring the clearance rate of the radioisotope from the head using externally situated detectors and also from arterial blood using a detector to monitor the expired air activity. The end-tidal concentration function is assumed to be proportional to the arterial concentration function and this has to be deconvoluted from the clearance functions obtained from the head to enable CBF to be calculated. A digital computer is generally considered to be essential for this. In this paper a procedure using three-dimensional nomograms is derived and tested. It is shown that results obtained using the nomograms do not differ significantly from results obtained using a full deconvolution procedure, and so it is not essential to use a computer to calculate CBF by the inhalation technique.     

Intrasplenic masses of "preserved" functioning splenic tissue in sickle cell disease: correlation of imaging findings (CT, ultrasound, MRI, and nuclear scintigraphy)

PURPOSE: We studied six patients with sickle cell disease (SSD), five homozygous for sickle cell anemia and one with sickle beta-thalassemia, in whom rounded intrasplenic masses proved to be preserved functioning splenic tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Available images including computed tomography, ultrasonography, bone scans (Tc-99m MDP), liver spleen scans (Tc-99m sulfur colloid), and MRI were evaluated. RESULTS: The masses were low density on CT (in an otherwise calcified spleen), hypoechoic relative to the echogenic spleen on US, and had the imaging characteristics of normal spleen on MRI. They failed to accumulate Tc-99m MDP but did demonstrate uptake of Tc-99m sulfur colloid. CONCLUSION: In a patient with SSD and intrasplenic masses, proper correlation of multiple imaging modalities will establish the diagnosis of functioning splenic tissue and avoid mistaken diagnosis of splenic abscess or infarction.