Continuous,martensitic nature of the transition ß→γ Li3PO4

The transformation Li₃PO₄ shows characteristics of both continuous and martensitic transformations. Below 340° C, no detectable transformation occurs; between 340 and 410° C, the transformation goes only partially to completion; above 410° C the transformation rapidly goes to completion. At any temperature in the range 340 to 410° C, transformation proceeds rapidly in the initial stages to attain a certain degree of transformation. With prolonged isothermal heating or grinding of the samples, further transformation does not occur. The reverse transformation could not be effected under normal, dry conditions.     

Alphonse de Candolle's early scientometrics(1883, 1885) with references to recent trends in the field (1978–1983)

De Candolle analyzed in 1883 and 1885, respectively two important fields of human cultural evolution: the domestication of crop plants and the emergence of modern science. In hisHistoire de science et des savants depuis deux sciecles, principles were established, science indicators outlined, interactions examined and mathematical methods applied to the study of a selected data set related to scientific development. In order to compare national and international scientific communities twenty standard factors were considered and national participation in international scientific societies was analysed for 14 European countries and the United States.De Candolle was the first to analyse mathematically the number, dynamics and national distribution of scientists in their professional organisations, the specialization and professionalization of scientists and characterized the scientific potential of different countries with the number of international science society members per inhabitant per period (1750–1884). The role ofde Candolle as a forerunner of modern scientometrics and the science of science is revealed in a comparison of his work with recent trends. In the first five volumes of the journalScientometrics 51 papers were identified dealing with topics related to those dealt with byde Candolle.     

Connection between stress state and plastic strain increments determined by a computer method

The ratios of the plastic shear strain and tensile strain to the resolved shear strain are determined on the basis of earlier results obtained by computer for 1 0 0 and 1 1 1 textures and nontextured polycrystals in the case of simultaneous shear and extension. It is shown that the plastic deformation increment vector determined by the application of the plastic work equation fulfils the normality condition prescribed by the generalized flow law.     

Pseudo-tandem stenosis of the internal carotid artery

Two cases of pseudo-tandem stenosis of the internal carotid artery are presented. Proximal stenosis was produced by a large, focal atherosclerotic plaque. The severe intracranial "stenosis" was thought to be an angiographic artifact. Repeat cerebral angiography after carotid endarterectomy revealed normal intracranial arteries. The recognition of this entity is important because a decision to operate is based largely upon angiographic findings.     

Value of bone marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of amyloidosis

Amyloid involvement of the bone marrow is not commonly diagnosed before necropsy. Paraffin sections of the trephine bone biopsy specimen are superior to marrow aspiration cell smears for the antemortem diagnosis. Thirteen cases of amyloidosis were diagnosed from the bone biopsy specimen during a ten-year period. Amyloid was detected in only two of the corresponding aspirates. Three morphologic patterns of marrow involvement were found: vascular, focal extravascular/perivascular, and diffuse. Five (38%) of the cases were associated with multiple myeloma. An abnormal immunoglobulin was detected in the serum or urine or both in ten of 11 cases when determined. Although the bone marrow may not be the best site for the diagnosis of amyloidosis, it should not be neglected and marrow biopsies taken for other diagnostic reasons may "incidentally" reveal amyloid. Amyloidosis should be included in the list of non-primary hematologic conditions of the bone marrow in which the trephine biopsy may prove useful for diagnosis.     

Kidney hypoplasia and hypertension

The basis of the examination is a clinical material of 14 years (from 1960 to 1973) of the urological clinic of the Medical University "Semmelweis", consisting of 160 patients with renal hypoplasia. In 116 of these cases a nephrectomy was performed. The average postoperative observation time was 7.8 years. By removal of the hypoplastic kidney the hypertension could be successfully influenced in 72% of the cases and in 16% moderately; in 12% of the patients the high blood pressure remained unchanged also after the intervention. On account of the recognition resulting from the examinations that by the hypoplastic kidney alone no increase of the blood pressure is caused, but the developmental anomaly forms a basis for the development of the hypertension, is emphasized that the early removal of this abnormally developed kidney is by all means indicated.     

Systemic lupus erythematosus in children: the complex problems of diagnosis and treatment encountered in 101 such patients at the Mayo Clinic

Between 1945 and 1970, 101 children (86 girls and 15 boys) with systemic lupus erythematosus were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic. Only 9 children were less than 9 years old at the time of diagnosis. The most frequent presenting complaint was arthralgia; fever, fatigue, and a "butterfly" malar rash also were common. Renal involvement, found in more than 76 per cent of patients, was a prognostically poor sign. The overall survival of children with renal involvement is improved by the use of adequate steroid therapy.