Delimiting ''rural'': implications of an agreed ''rurality'' index for healthcare planning and resource allocation

Apoptosis is known as an active process of cell death forced by radio- and chemotherapy. Therefore, established concepts (terms, therapy schemes) will reflect a picture different from that usually seen, when examined under the apoptotic point of view. Furthermore, the development of new concepts for innovative diagnosis, prognosis and therapy could be accomplished. This is an attempt to reveal actual features of both aspects.     

Nitrosation of dialkylamines in the presence of bile acid conjugates

The rate of nitrosation of dihexylamine is enhanced when the reaction is carried ut in the presence of micelles containing bile acid conjugates or bile acid conjugates and lecithin. The nitrosation of smaller dialkylamines is not affected. The nitrosation of dihexylamine under these conditions is inhibited by alpha-tocopherol at pH 3 or pH 5. At pH 3 the reaction is inhibited by ascorbic acid, while at pH 5 it is inhibited by equimolar concentrations of ascorbic acid, but accelerated by higher concentration of ascorbic acid. The effect of ascorbic acid at pH 5 depends on the presence of oxygen and sulfamate.     

Exercise tolerance at 4 and 6 ATA

Seven normal male subjects performed 5-min bicycle exercise ranging from 50-100% maximum oxygen uptake at 4 ATA and three were also studied at 6 ATA. At all pressures, the subjects breathed 0.2 ATA O2 plus nitrogen. All subjects were able to perform maximum work at all pressures. No pressure-dependent variations in heart rate, O2 uptake, or CO2 output were noted. At both 4 and 6 ATA, ventilation was decreased at exercise levels greater than 80% maximum O2 uptake. The magnitude of the decrease was not great, however, and signified only minor CO2 retention. In some instances exercise ventilation closely approached the 15-S maximum breathing capacity and these subjects noted severe dyspnea, possibly due to dynamic compression of large airways. In three subjects, respiratory frequency was measured as well as minute ventilation; this relationship did not change with depth. Subjects performing heavy exercise at 6 ATA noted disturbances of consciousness, presumably due to N2 narcosis.