上游串联双调压室系统小波动稳定性计算分析

具有较长引水隧洞的中低水头水电站,需要设置较大断面面积的调压室,受工程地形地质因素影响,建造单一大尺寸的调压室时施工较为困难,采用间隔一定距离的上游串联双调压室系统来代替单一大尺寸的调压室更为合适。结合工程实例,用瞬变流特征线计算方法,研究了串联双调压室系统小波动稳定性的主要影响因素。结果表明:两调压室之间的距离越远,系统需要的总稳定断面面积越大,靠近机组的调压室断面面积对系统小波动稳定性的作用大于远离机组的另一个调压室。     

网架结构固有振动分析的分解刚度法

把矩形平面网架结构简化为夹层板,采用考虑剪切变形的具有三个广义位移的平板弯曲理论进行分析。基于分解刚度的思想提出了网架结构固有频率的计算方法,给出了八种网架结构(正放四角锥网架、两向正交正放网架、正放抽空四角锥网架、三角锥网架、三向网架、抽空三角锥网架、两向正交斜放网架和斜放四角锥网架)各阶频率的统一计算公式,对八种网架进行了固有振动分析,并与有限元分析结果进行了对比。作为一种简化的计算方法,该方法不仅计算公式简单,而且其精度比较高,误差基本在10%以内,可以为网架结构分析与设计作参考。     

Evolution of microstructure and properties of internal nitride dispersion strengthened alloy before nitriding

Internal nitride dispersion strengthened superalloy is a new type of high performance superalloy for combustion chamber. The background and development of this alloy were firstly introduced. And then the microstructure and properties of NS163 which is a typical internal nitride dispersion strengthened alloy were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of NS163 is simple in the temperature range of 900??1250??, which is composed of austenite matrix and MC carbide. The recrystallization behavior of the cold- rolled sheet under the test condition was studied systematically. It is found that the solid solution temperature of the finished product should be 1200??, and after solid solution at 1200??, the sheet has 5 grade average grain size, excellent cold workability and low tensile strength at high temperature. The above results can help to optimize the microstructure of NS163 alloy sheet before nitriding and provide a basis for the evaluation of the strengthening effect of the alloy after internal nitriding.     

A Tetrahedral Boronic Acid Diester Formed by an Unnatural Amino Acid in the Ligand Pocket of an Engineered Lipocalin

Boronic acids have long been known to form cyclic diesters with cis-diol compounds, including many carbohydrates. This phenomenon was previously exploited to create an artificial lectin by incorporating p-borono-l -phenylalanine (Bpa) into the ligand pocket of an engineered lipocalin, resulting in a so-called Borocalin. Here we describe the X-ray analysis of its covalent complex with 4-nitrocatechol as a high-affinity model ligand. As expected, the crystal structure reveals the formation of a cyclic diester between the biosynthetic boronate side chain and the two ortho-hydroxy substituents of the benzene ring. Interestingly, the boron also has a hydroxide ion associated, despite an only moderately basic pH 8.5 in the crystallization buffer. The complex is stabilized by a polar contact to the side chain of Asn134 within the ligand pocket, thus validating the functional design of the Borocalin as an artificial sugar-binding protein. Our structural analysis demonstrates how a boronate can form a thermodynamically stable diester with a vicinal diol in a tetrahedral configuration in aqueous solution near physiological pH. Moreover, our data provide a basis for the further engineering of the Borocalin with the goal of specific recognition of biologically relevant glycans.     

二高炉4号热风炉烘炉实践

介绍了二高炉4号热风炉烘炉的特点、前期准备工作、具体操作过程中的注意事项及烘炉后的相关作业。此次生产实践对今后类似情况的热风炉烘炉具有参考价值。     

The effect of growth hormone replacement on cortisol metabolism and glucocorticoid sensitivity in hypopituitary adults

OBJECTIVE: Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults is associated with sodium and water retention. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood and a possible contribution of altered cortisol metabolism or action has not been evaluated. We have investigated the effect of GH replacement therapy on cortisol metabolism, cortisol binding globulin and in-vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity in a group of adult hypopituitary patients. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: We studied 19 adult hypopituitary patients (18 adult onset, M:F, 6:13), who were receiving conventional hydrocortisone (16 patients), thyroxine (14 patients), triiodothyronine (1 patient), sex steroid (9 patients), human chorionic gonadotrophin (1 patient) or desmopressin (6 patients) replacement during a 6-month, double blind controlled trial of GH therapy (active:placebo, 8:11) followed by a 6-month open phase of GH (mean dose: 0.2 IU/kg/week, range 0.051-0.27) and after a 6-week washout phase following discontinuation of GH therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Twenty-four-hour urine free cortisol, cortisol metabolites (CoM), ratio 11-hydroxy/11-oxo CoM (F/E) and ratio 5 alpha/beta tetrahydrocortisol were measured at 6 months, 12 months and after the 6 week washout phase. Serum cortisol binding globulin was measured basally, at 6 months, 12 months and after washout. Glucocorticoid sensitivity was determined in lymphocyte preparations from 8 patients, during GH therapy and after washout, using an in-vitro technique dependent on dexamethasone suppression of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated thymidine incorporation into DNA. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone were measured after 6-12 months GH therapy and after washout. RESULTS: After 6 months of GH, in patients on hydrocortisone (n = 9), there were significant decreases in CoM (mean decrement 21%, P < 0.01), F/E (mean decreased from 1.27 to 1.0, P = 0.04; reference range 0.33-1.29) and 5 alpha/5 beta tetrahydrocortisol (mean decreased from 0.67 to 0.48, P = 0.01) and a subsequent increase after washout. Patients not on hydrocortisone (n = 2) demonstrated a normal basal F/E falling by 25% on GH therapy but no change in CoM. During 12 months of GH therapy, patients on hydrocortisone (n = 7) demonstrated a further trend to decrement in CoM (P = 0.09) which reversed after washout (P = 0.04). Urine free cortisol tended to fall during GH therapy and increased significantly following washout after 12 months treatment (P < 0.02). Serum cortisol binding globulin decreased by 20% (P < 0.05) during 12 months GH treatment but remained within the reference range. In-vitro studies demonstrated a trend to reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity on GH therapy; the maximum inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin by dexamethasone tended to be less on GH therapy (P = 0.052) and was also lower than in 29 normal volunteers (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in plasma renin but there was a small increment in aldosterone in recumbent patients (P = 0.04) during the open phase of GH therapy in the placebo arm. CONCLUSIONS: GH therapy in hypopituitary adults is associated with an apparent reduction in availability of administered hydrocortisone as measured by urine cortisol metabolites and urine free cortisol. This effect is unlikely to be clinically significant except possibly in ACTH deficient subjects on suboptimal hydrocortisone replacement. The changes in F/E suggest that GH may directly or indirectly modulate the activity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The apparent decrease in glucocorticoid sensitivity during GH therapy, demonstrated in vitro, merits further investigation.     

山西灵丘县梨园金矿地质特征及控矿因素分析

山西梨园金矿位于太行山构造—岩浆—多金属成矿带上,出露地层为新太古界阜平群条带状片麻岩夹斜长角闪岩。矿体总体呈手掌状,主要赋存于NNE向构造带中。矿石中金属矿物主要为黄铁矿,其次为方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿,非金属矿物主要有石英、钾长石、斜长石和绢云母,贵金属为自然金（银金矿）。矿区围岩蚀变主要有硅化、绢云母化和黄铁矿化,与金矿化关系密切。矿床的形成经历了热液期和表生期,其中热液期（主成矿期）又可划分为石英硅化阶段、石英—黄铁矿阶段、石英—硫化物阶段和石英—碳酸盐阶段。通过野外地质调研和室内分析,总结了含矿围岩及构造控矿规律,指明了找矿标志,并分析了成矿作用,认为梨园金矿为受断裂破碎带控制的岩浆热液蚀变岩型金矿。研究成果为区内找矿提供一定的科学依据。     

Conjunctival nevi in Denmark 1960-1980. A 21-year follow-up

The clinicopathological characteristics of 343 naevi of the conjunctiva were studied. A significant increase in the number of naevi excised per year was observed. This may have been caused by an increased exposure to actinic rays. An approximately even distribution was found between the three main locations: caruncle, limbal area and eye ball. Intrastromal naevi were excised at a higher median age than compound naevi, and the lowest median age at excision was for junction naevi, which is in accordance with the known histopathological nature of naevi. Recurrence occurred in nine patients (2.7%), and one had transformed into a malignant melanoma. Eight of the recurring naevi were located in the limbal area. Eight of the nine patients were women, suggesting hormonal factors as a possible cause. Recommendations for the handling of conjunctival naevi are given, based on the present findings and on previous reports.     

Mash1 and neurogenin1 expression patterns define complementary domains of neuroepithelium in the developing CNS and are correlated with regions expressing notch ligands

Genetic studies in Drosophila and in vertebrates have implicated basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes in neuronal fate determination and cell type specification. We have compared directly the expression of Mash1 and neurogenin1 (ngn1), two bHLH genes that are expressed specifically at early stages of neurogenesis. In the PNS these genes are expressed in complementary autonomic and sensory lineages. In the CNS in situ hybridization to serial sections and double-labeling experiments indicate that Mash1 and ngn1 are expressed in adjacent and nonoverlapping regions of the neuroepithelium that correspond to future functionally distinct areas of the brain. We also showed that in the PNS several other bHLH genes exhibit similar lineal restriction, as do ngn1 and Mash1, suggesting that complementary cascades of bHLH factors are involved in PNS development. Finally, we found that there is a close association between expression of ngn1 and Mash1 and that of two Notch ligands. These observations suggest a basic plan for vertebrate neurogenesis whereby regionalization of the neuroepithelium is followed by activation of a relatively small number of bHLH genes, which are used repeatedly in complementary domains to promote neural determination and differentiation.