28 K in squamous metaplasia of the bladder in patients with spinal cord injury

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been strongly implicated in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis. Techniques used in the identification of this periodontal pathogen include cultural, biochemical, immunological and DNA hybridization analysis. In this study, we report the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify unique sequences of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Specific oligonucleotide primers LKT2 and LKT3 were designed to hybridize to the A. actinomycetemcomitans lktA gene, which encodes leukotoxin, a putative A. actinomycetemcomitans virulence factor. The LKT2 and LKT3 primers amplified lktA-specific sequences from all 12 A. actinomycetemcomitans strains tested. In another set of experiments, 13 other bacterial species, most of which are normal residents of the oral cavity, were tested with these primers. These PCR amplifications also contained 2 additional primers, RRN4 and RRN5, which served as positive controls; RRN4 and RRN5 were designed to amplify specific sequences of eubacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). PCR amplifications of all bacterial species tested, including A. actinomycetemcomitans, yielded 16S rDNA-specific DNA fragments. Furthermore, each bacterial species tested, with the exception of A. actinomycetemcomitans, failed to amplify lktA sequences. The LKT and RRN primers were used in further PCR experiments to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans directly from gingival fluid samples. The results clearly demonstrate the simplicity, rapidity, specificity and accuracy of the LKT primers in the identification of A. actinomycetemcomitans.     

An axial-emission self-modulating ion gauge

An axial-emission self-modulating ultra-high vacuum ion gauge (AESMG) based on developments of the axial-emission ion gauge (AEG) is described. The self-modulation technique used in AESMG operates by means of changing the potential of the collector. The AESMG has some advantages such as rather high sensitivity, simplicity of structure and the modulating coefficient of soft X-ray photocurrent is almost equal to unity. The limiting measurable pressure of AESMG is about 2 × 10^?12 torr.     

Microwave dielectric measurements of erythrocyte suspensions

Complex dielectric constants of human erythrocyte suspensions over a frequency range from 45 MHz to 26.5 GHz and a temperature range from 5 to 40 degrees C have been determined with the open-ended coaxial probe technique using an automated vector network analyzer (HP 8510). The spectra show two separate major dispersions (beta and gamma) and a much smaller dispersion between them. The two major dispersions are analyzed with a dispersion equation containing two Cole-Cole functions by means of a complex nonlinear least squares technique. The parameters of the equation at different temperatures have been determined. The low frequency behavior of the spectra suggests that the dielectric constant of the cell membrane increases when the temperature is above 35 degrees C. The real part of the dielectric constant at approximately 3.4 GHz remains almost constant when the temperature changes. The dispersion shifts with temperature in the manner of a thermally activated process, and the thermal activation enthalpies for the beta- and gamma-dispersions are 9.87 +/- 0.42 kcal/mol and 4.80 +/- 0.06 kcal/mol, respectively.     

配电线路接地故障定位传递函数法的理论分析

对当前配电网难以解决的接地故障定位问题提出新的解决办法———传递函数法。阐述了应用于配电线路故障定位的传递函数理论 ,给出了传递函数的定义 ,并详细推导了三相配电线路接地故障定位的传递函数表达式 ,通过对理论公式的数值计算 ,证实了配电网接地故障定位的传递函数法是切实可行的。