Recently, the gamma subcommittee of the International Committee for Display Metrology has adopted various gamma measurement methods in Information Display Measurements Standard. This article describes further tests including perceptual verification of the suggested measurement methods. In order to verify the suggested measurement method, visual assessment has been carried out. The results of visual assessment can be applied to provide gamma distortion threshold values of the suggested metrology in Information Display Measurements Standard. 相似文献
The neutron capture cross sections of Europium-151 and Europium-153 have been measured by the time-of-flight method in the energy range from 0.005 to 100 eV using the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute-Linear Accelerator (KURRI-LINAC). An assembly of Bismuth Germanate (BGO) scintillators was used to detect the prompt capture of γ rays. The absolute values of the neutron capture cross sections of 151Eu and 153Eu were deduced by normalizing the thermal capture cross sections in JENDL-4.0 and ENDF/B-VII.1, respectively. Then, we have obtained the resonance parameters of 20 resonances in 151Eu and 17 resonances in 153Eu using the code SAMMY.
For the 3.36-eV resonance of 151Eu, the evaluated resonance peak area in JENDL-4.0 is about 95% smaller than the present result. For the 7.00-, 7.22-, and 7.42-eV resonance; we confirmed that there are significant differences between the measured peaks and evaluated peaks in JENDL-4.0, ENDF/B-VII.1, and JEFF-3.2. For the 153Eu, the evaluated resonance peak areas in JENDL-4.0, ENDF/B-VII.1, and JEFF-3.2 are about 15% larger than the measured resonance peak areas at the 2.46-, 3.29-, and 3.94-eV resonances. 相似文献
Electroaerodynamic (EAD) jet printing, where aerodynamic force is coupled with electrostatic force in order to obtain a wide range of controlled pattern sizes, is introduced. Charged and sheathed aerosol particles yield a high deposition rate even at low velocity owing to the force of their electrostatic attraction to the substrate. In this study, two coaxial nozzles (inner diameters of 6 mm and 100 μm) were designed and tested theoretically and experimentally in order to observe the effects of electrostatic force, particle size, and air flow rate on particle trajectory and dot pattern size. A higher sheath air flow rate (higher Stokes number) caused the aerosol jet stream to be focused. For Stokes numbers higher than 1, the effect of applied voltage on pattern size was less than that of the sheath air flow rate. However, for Stokes number lower than 1, the pattern size was affected by both the applied voltage and the sheath air flow rate. After incorporating all data, the diameter of the particle deposition area (Wp) was expressed as a function of nozzle diameter (W), sheath air flow rate (Qsheath), aerosol flow rate (Qaerosol), Stokes number (Stk), and Electrostatic number (Es). Three different equations were obtained for Stk < 1, for 1 ≤ Stk < 5, and for Stk ≥ 5, respectively. These equations would be used to predict pattern width for given conditions of aerosol and sheath flow rates, particle size, electric field, and nozzle size. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research 相似文献
This paper presents the geometrically nonlinear analysis of the slack and taut cable structures considering the material inelasticity subjected to self-weight, pretension, and external loads. The finite element procedure is briefly summarized using the Lagrangian formulation associated with isoparametric interpolation polynomials and the Newton–Raphson iterative scheme with incremental load. The simple and efficient method to determine the initial equilibrium state of the slack cable systems under self-weight as well as support motions is presented using the penalty method. The numerical algorithm to evaluate the tangent modulus of elasticity of cable is presented based on the iterative scheme. The accuracy and reliability of the present study are verified by comparing the predictions with those generated by well-reported slack and taut cable structure problems. The effect of the yielding of cable segments on displacements and stresses of cable structures is investigated. 相似文献
Aza(bisoxazoline) was easily immobilized on siliceous mesocellular foam (MCF) in a systematic approach. It was found that silanol precapping, linker group flexibility, ligand loading, and silanol postcapping were important factors to consider in optimizing silica‐supported aza(bisoxazoline) catalysts. The optimized MCF‐supported aza(bisoxazoline)‐copper catalyst offered the same enantioselectivity as its homogeneous counterpart, and excellent recyclability. The heterogenized catalyst showed a much higher chemoselectivity in a short reaction time. The heterogenized aza(bisoxazoline)‐copper(I) catalyst was successfully applied to a circulating flow‐type packed bed reactor with excellent productivity and enantioselectivity. The circulating flow‐type reactor was found to be very useful for gas‐generating catalytic reactions such as cyclopropanation reaction. 相似文献
We have measured the neutron capture cross sections of 151Eu and 153Eu by the time-of-flight (TOF) method in the range from 0.005 eV to keV region using the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute - Linear Accelerator (KURRI-LINAC). We employed a pair of C6D6 liquid scintillators for the prompt capture γ-ray measurement. The pulse-height weighting technique was employed to obtain the capture yields from the γ-ray spectra of 151,153Eu. The obtained thermal cross sections at 0.0253 eV are 9051 ± 683 b for 151Eu and 364 ± 44 b for 153Eu, respectively. The resonance integrals have been derived as 3490 ± 162 b for 151Eu and 1538 ± 106 b for 153Eu.
The obtained capture cross sections were compared with the previously reported experimental data and the evaluated data. The evaluated data in JENDL-4.0 and JEFF-3.2 show good agreement with the present experiment results of 151Eu, however, the evaluated data in ENDF/B-VII.1 are larger than the present experiment results of 151Eu about 10% to 20% in the energy region from 0.03 to 0.2 eV. For the neutron capture cross sections of 153Eu, the evaluated data in ENDF/B-VII.1 and Widder's data are in good agreement with the present results in the energy region below 0.35 eV. 相似文献
New polyfluorene (PF)-based conjugated polymers, PClBEHF, PClBEHF-co-PDEHF, PN3BEHF, PN3BEHF-co-PDEHF, PEHPBF, PC60BEHF, PC60BEHF-co-PDEHF, and PEHPBF+PCBA− containing chloro, azido, piperidine, and fullerene (C60) groups as pendants, were synthesized. In the case of PC60BEHF and PC60BEHF-co-PDEHF, the C60 moiety was introduced by using covalent bond formation between the azido group and C60. PEHPBF+PCBA− was synthesized by using ionic bond formation between the piperidinium cation of PEHPBF and carboxylate anion of PCBA. The PL and EL spectra of PClBEHF, PClBEHF-co-PDEHF, PN3BEHF, PN3BEHF-co-PDEHF, and PEHPBF exhibited red-shifted and broad peaks caused by the aggregation which was induced by the increasing interchain interaction due to the polar pendants. After binding with C60, covalently and ionically, the photovoltaic properties of PC60BEHF, PC60BEHF-co-PDEHF, and PEHPBF+PCBA− were studied. PL was quenched completely, which indicates photo-induced charge transfer from PF to pendant C60. Even though photovoltaic effects did not occur in short circuit condition, blending with MEH-PPV as the ratio of 1:1 generated the photovoltaic effects. 相似文献
Sorting and quantification of deactivated bacteria is an important way of quality control for whole-cell bacterial vaccines. In general, surface features of deactivated bacteria used for whole-cell bacterial vaccines affect the immunoresponse to bacteria-associated antigens. Enumeration of bacteria is also an important process development parameter for these vaccines. Field-flow fractionation (FFF) was previously applied to the separation of bacteria. For the first time, FFF is used for sorting bacteria strains of the same species on the basis of differences in bacterial membrane characteristics. Two FFF techniques, gravitational FFF (GrFFF) and asymmetrical flow FFF (AsFIFFF), are shown to be able to fractionate, distinguish, and quantify different deactivated Escherichia coli strains used for vaccines. E. coli can differ in the presence of fimbriae on the bacterial membrane. Fimbriae affect E. coli pathology and thus the use of E. coli for vaccines. GrFFF and AsFIFFF are able to fractionate fimbriated/ nonfimbriated cells in mixtures of different strains. While GrFFF is characterized by low cost and simplicity, As-FIFFF shows a higher performance in size fractionation with a high-speed separation. Coupled, on-line UV/visible turbidimetry yields the relative numbers of fractionated cells and sample recovery. Scanning electron microscopy and quasi-elastic light scattering are employed as uncorrelated techniques for size and morphology analysis of the E. coli strains. 相似文献
A powerful interaction mechanism is one of the key elements for the success of smart TVs, which demand far more complex interactions than traditional TVs. This paper proposes a novel interface based on the famous touch interaction model but utilizes long‐range bare hand tracking to emulate touch actions. To satisfy the essential requirements of high accuracy and immediate response, the proposed hand tracking algorithm adopts a fast color‐based tracker but with modifications to avoid the problems inherent to those algorithms. By using online modeling and motion information, the sensitivity to the environment can be greatly decreased. Furthermore, several ideas to solve the problems often encountered by users interacting with smart TVs are proposed, resulting in a very robust hand tracking algorithm that works superbly, even for users with sleeveless clothing. In addition, the proposed algorithm runs at a very high speed of 82.73 Hz. The proposed interface is confirmed to comfortably support most touch operations, such as clicks, swipes, and drags, at a distance of three meters, which makes the proposed interface a good candidate for interaction with smart TVs. 相似文献