Vertical p-i-n polysilicon diode with antifuse for stackable field-programmable ROM

A field-programmable, stackable memory cell using 0.15-/spl mu/m technology is demonstrated. Vertical polycrystalline silicon diodes are stacked on top of one another, with tungsten (with TiN adhesion film) interconnect wires. An SiO/sub 2/ antifuse film separates the top of each diode from the TiN-W films. The cell is programmed when sufficient biasing voltage is applied to break down the antifuse, connecting the diode to tungsten. The cell is unprogrammed when the antifuse is intact. Cell fabrication and performance are described.     

Performance evaluation of channel-sensitive, stabilized multipleaccess schemes for land-mobile satellite services using a hybridsimulation tool

A hybrid simulation tool for real-time performance measurements of complete networks is presented. The simulation tool combines the advantages of software and hardware modules. Recorded channel data are included. They allow the reproduction of realistic situations in the laboratory. Synchronization problems and noise are considered. As an example, stabilized slotted ALOHA access protocols were implemented and investigated in land-mobile satellite environments. A slotted ALOHA-based modified channel access strategy for highly unreliable channels is proposed requiring all mobile stations to estimate the link quality before starting a transmission. The different strategies are analyzed by simulation as well as the analytical methods. Transmission parameters are determined and optimized using a combination of analysis and simulation. The results show the power of the simulation tool and the better performance of stabilized slotted ALOHA with link-quality estimation in city channels     

Peter Simon Pallas und Karl Ernst von Baer—ihr Beitrag zur Zoologie im Spiegel unveröffentlichter Autographen des Zoologischen Museums Berlin

Early zoological researches by P.S. Pallas and K.E. von Baer in their letters to the zoologists of Berlin. The centenaries which are celebrated in 1991 and 1992 in memory of P.S. Pallas (1791) and K.E. von Baer (born 1792) caused the following studies of hitherto unpublished sources, preserved in the collections of the Museum für naturkunde in Berlin. The earliest zoological works of Pallas are discussed in relation to his last publication on the “Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica” which should have been finished in Berlin. Some years after the death of Pallas, Baer also contacted the Berlin zoologists K.A. Rudolphi and M.H. Lichtenstein, asking for help, when he was going to establish zoology and a zoological museum at the University of Königsberg.     

Evaluation of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the UL10-UL13 genomic region for rapid identification of human cytomegalovirus strains

We report a case of birdshot retinochoroidopathy following a cataract surgery in a 78-year-old man. Low-grade forms of the affection may be discovered lately on a recurrence of the inflammation following any event as an ocular surgical procedure. Medical management of cataract surgery in uveitis is then discussed.     

Press chamber coating as external lubrication for high speed rotary presses: lubricant spray rate optimization

Lubrication of the tooling (punches and dies) is necessary to produce tablets. The most commonly used lubricant is magnesium stearate. Adding and blending magnesium stearate to the tablet mass often has negative effects on the properties of the compressed tablets (e.g., decreasing the tensile strength of the tablet). To avoid these negative effects, external lubrication systems were developed. This study investigated the functionality and the influence of a new press chamber coating system called the PKB II. The major difference between the PKB II and previous systems is its ability to spray a mixture of powdered magnesium stearate and air directly onto the punches and dies which was determined to allow the running of the rotor at higher speeds. The data showed a clear correlation between the spray rate of the lubricant and the concentration of the magnesium stearate per tablet. The PKB II was designed to allow for adjustments, in order to optimize the spray rate, by using the ejection force. The concentration of magnesium stearate was reduced to approximately 0.04% per tablet, using the PKB II. Additionally, the most common negative effects, such as the decrease in tablet tensile strength, were avoided by using this system.