排序方式: 共有20条查询结果,搜索用时 546 毫秒
11.
Bayliss Donna M.; Jarrold Christopher; Baddeley Alan D.; Gunn Deborah M.; Leigh Eleanor 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,41(4):579
This study investigated the constraints underlying developmental improvements in complex working memory span performance among 120 children of between 6 and 10 years of age. Independent measures of processing efficiency, storage capacity, rehearsal speed, and basic speed of processing were assessed to determine their contribution to age-related variance in complex span. Results showed that developmental improvements in complex span were driven by 2 age-related but separable factors: 1 associated with general speed of processing and 1 associated with storage ability. In addition, there was an age-related contribution shared between working memory, processing speed, and storage ability that was important for higher level cognition. These results pose a challenge for models of complex span performance that emphasize the importance of processing speed alone. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
12.
13.
Jarrold Christopher; Tam Helen; Baddeley Alan D.; Harvey Caroline E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2011,37(3):688
[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 37(3) of Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition (see record 2011-08992-004). Chen and Cowan (2009) is correctly cited in the body of the article but the reference at the end of the article is incorrect. The correct reference is in the correction.] Two studies that examine whether the forgetting caused by the processing demands of working memory tasks is domain-general or domain-specific are presented. In each, separate groups of adult participants were asked to carry out either verbal or nonverbal operations on exactly the same processing materials while maintaining verbal storage items. The imposition of verbal processing tended to produce greater forgetting even though verbal processing operations took no longer to complete than did nonverbal processing operations. However, nonverbal processing did cause forgetting relative to baseline control conditions, and evidence from the timing of individuals' processing responses suggests that individuals in both processing groups slowed their responses in order to “refresh” the memoranda. Taken together the data suggest that processing has a domain-general effect on working memory performance by impeding refreshment of memoranda but can also cause effects that appear domain-specific and that result from either blocking of rehearsal or interference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
14.
Antoine R Compagnon I Rayane D Broyer M Dugourd P Sommerer N Rossignol M Pippen D Hagemeister FC Jarrold MF 《Analytical chemistry》2003,75(20):5512-5516
The application of molecular beam deflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MBD-TOFMS) to peptide identification is described. The technique permits a simultaneous measurement of molecular mass and electric dipole susceptibility. The mass and susceptibility are not strongly correlated, and the results can be presented as a two-dimensional map. The susceptibility provides a useful way to disperse isobaric and isomeric peptides, and at least for small peptides, the susceptibility is significantly different for different amino acid sequences. Results for peptides in the mass range 1000-2300 Da show that the mass and susceptibility lead to a higher identification score than mass spectra alone. 相似文献
15.
16.
We describe a new approach to measuring the masses of individual macroions. The method employs a pulsed acceleration tube located between two sensitive image charge detectors. The charge and velocity of the macroion are recorded with the first image charge detector. The ion is pulse accelerated through a known voltage drop, and then the charge and velocity are remeasured using the second image charge detector. The mass of the ion is deduced from its charge and its initial and final velocities. The approach has been used to measure masses in the 10(10)-10(14) Da range with z = 10(3)-10(6) and m/z = 10(6)-10(9). It should be extendable to masses of <10(6) Da. We have used the method to determine the size and charge of water droplets transmitted through a capillary interface and an aperture interface. The droplets detected from the aperture interface are approximately 1 order of magnitude smaller in mass than those detected from the capillary interface. The droplets from both interfaces have relatively low charges, particularly with the capillary interface where they are only charged to a small fraction of the Rayleigh limit. These results suggest that the aerodynamic breakup of the droplets plays a significant role in the mechanism of electrospray ionization. 相似文献
17.
Bright-Paul Alexandra; Jarrold Christopher; Wright Daniel B. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,44(4):1055
According to the mental-state reasoning model of suggestibility, 2 components of theory of mind mediate reductions in suggestibility across the preschool years. The authors examined whether theory-of-mind performance may be legitimately separated into 2 components and explored the memory processes underlying the associations between theory of mind and suggestibility, independent of verbal ability. Children 3 to 6 years old completed 6 theory-of-mind tasks and a postevent misinformation procedure. Contrary to the model's prediction, a single latent theory-of-mind factor emerged, suggesting a single-component rather than a dual-component conceptualization of theory-of-mind performance. This factor provided statistical justification for computing a single composite theory-of-mind score. Improvements in theory of mind predicted reductions in suggestibility, independent of verbal ability (Study 1, n = 72). Furthermore, once attribution biases were controlled (Study 2, n = 45), there was also a positive relationship between theory of mind and source memory, but not recognition performance. The findings suggest a substantial, and possibly causal, association between theory-of-mind development and resistance to suggestion, driven specifically by improvements in source monitoring. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
Baopeng Cao Colleen M. Neal Anne K. Starace Yurii N. Ovchinnikov Vladimir Z. Kresin Martin F. Jarrold 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2008,21(3):163-166
Heat capacities measured for Al45− and Al47− nanoclusters have reproducible jumps at ∼200 K. These jumps are consistent with theoretical predictions that some clusters
with highly degenerate electronic states near the Fermi level will undergo a transition into a high T
C
superconducting state. An analysis based on a theoretical treatment of pairing in Al45− and Al47− agrees well with the experimental data in both the value of the critical temperature and in the size and width of the jumps
in the heat capacity. 相似文献
19.
Neal CM Breaux GA Cao B Starace AK Jarrold MF 《The Review of scientific instruments》2007,78(7):075108
The translating and rotating rod or disk of a conventional laser vaporization cluster source is replaced by a liquid metal target. The self-regenerating liquid surface prevents cavities from being bored into the sample by laser ablation. The laser beam strikes a near pristine surface with each pulse, resulting in signals with much better short and long term stabilities. While this approach cannot be used for refractory metals such as tungsten and molybdenum, it is ideal for studies of bimetallic clusters, which can easily be prepared by laser vaporization of a liquid metal alloy. 相似文献
20.
Jarrold Christopher; Tam Helen; Baddeley Alan D.; Harvey Caroline E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2011,37(3):765
Reports an error in "How does processing affect storage in working memory tasks? Evidence for both domain-general and domain-specific effects" by Christopher Jarrold, Helen Tam, Alan D. Baddeley and Caroline E. Harvey (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, , , np). Chen and Cowan (2009) is correctly cited in the body of the article but the reference at the end of the article is incorrect. The correct reference is in the correction. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-02787-001.) Two studies that examine whether the forgetting caused by the processing demands of working memory tasks is domain-general or domain-specific are presented. In each, separate groups of adult participants were asked to carry out either verbal or nonverbal operations on exactly the same processing materials while maintaining verbal storage items. The imposition of verbal processing tended to produce greater forgetting even though verbal processing operations took no longer to complete than did nonverbal processing operations. However, nonverbal processing did cause forgetting relative to baseline control conditions, and evidence from the timing of individuals' processing responses suggests that individuals in both processing groups slowed their responses in order to “refresh” the memoranda. Taken together the data suggest that processing has a domain-general effect on working memory performance by impeding refreshment of memoranda but can also cause effects that appear domain-specific and that result from either blocking of rehearsal or interference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献