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21.
Nanotubular titanium dioxide thin films were prepared by anodization of titanium metal films evaporated on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. A facile method to enhance the adhesion of the titanium film to the ITO glass was developed. An optimum thickness of 550 nm for the evaporated titanium was found to keep the film adhered to ITO during the anodization. The films were further modified by growing amorphous titania, alumina and tantala thin films conformally in the nanotubes by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The optical, electrical and physical properties of the different structures were compared. It was shown that even 5 nm thin layers can modify the properties of the nanotubular titanium dioxide films. 相似文献
22.
Jere Lindén Sanna Lensu Raimo Pohjanvirta 《International journal of molecular sciences》2014,15(8):13938-13966
One of the hallmarks of the acute toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a drastically reduced feed intake by an unknown mechanism. To further elucidate this wasting syndrome, we followed the effects of a single large dose (100 μg/kg) of TCDD on the serum levels of several energy balance-influencing hormones, clinical chemistry variables, and hepatic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression in two rat strains that differ widely in their TCDD sensitivities, for up to 10 days. TCDD affected most of the analytes in sensitive Long-Evans rats, while there were few alterations in the resistant Han/Wistar strain. However, analyses of feed-restricted unexposed Long-Evans rats indicated several of the perturbations to be secondary to energy deficiency. Notable increases in ghrelin and glucagon occurred in TCDD-treated Long-Evans rats alone, which links these hormones to the wasting syndrome. The newly found energy balance regulators, insulin-like growth factor 1 and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), appeared to function in concert in body weight loss-induced metabolic state, and FGF-21 was putatively linked to increased lipolysis induced by TCDD. Finally, we demonstrate a reverse set of changes in the AHR protein and mRNA response to TCDD and feed restriction, suggesting that AHR might function also as a physiological regulator, possibly involved in the maintenance of energy balance. 相似文献
23.
An improved floating-random-walk algorithm for solving the multidielectric Dirichlet problem is outlined. The improvement is achieved by using statistically generated Green's functions that are calculated beforehand and stored as lookup tables. These tables have been used to solve the multidielectric Dirichlet problem for an arbitrary two-dimensional geometry. The improved algorithm is also compared with the conventional floating-random-walk algorithm and is found to be at least two times more efficient. Results are presented for two types of parallel-plate geometries 相似文献
24.
Hanna Pihlman Pauli Keränen Kaarlo Paakinaho Jere Linden Markus Hannula Iida-Kaisa Manninen Jari Hyttinen Mikko Manninen Outi Laitinen-Vapaavuori 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2018,29(10):156
The advantages of synthetic bone graft substitutes over autogenous bone grafts include abundant graft volume, lack of complications related to the graft harvesting, and shorter operation and recovery times for the patient. We studied a new synthetic supercritical CO2 –processed porous composite scaffold of β-tricalcium phosphate and poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) copolymer as a bone graft substitute in a rabbit calvarial defect. Bilateral 12?mm diameter critical size calvarial defects were successfully created in 18 rabbits. The right defect was filled with a scaffold moistened with bone marrow aspirate, and the other was an empty control. The material was assessed for applicability during surgery. The follow-up times were 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Radiographic and micro-CT studies and histopathological analysis were used to evaluate new bone formation, tissue ingrowth, and biocompatibility. The scaffold was easy to shape and handle during the surgery, and the bone-scaffold contact was tight when visually evaluated after the implantation. The material showed good biocompatibility and its porosity enabled rapid invasion of vasculature and full thickness mesenchymal tissue ingrowth already at four weeks. By 24 weeks, full thickness bone ingrowth within the scaffold and along the dura was generally seen. In contrast, the empty defect had only a thin layer of new bone at 24 weeks. The radiodensity of the material was similar to the density of the intact bone. In conclusion, the new porous scaffold material, composed of microgranular β-TCP bound into the polymer matrix, proved to be a promising osteoconductive bone graft substitute with excellent handling properties. 相似文献
25.
Teacher behavior and its effects. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Assesses present and possible future process–outcome research, emphasizing methodological considerations. A case is made for compiling detailed normative data about classrooms, including explication and integration of process–process and process–outcome relations. It is suggested that large field studies addressed to classroom instruction in general will give way to studies designed with particular contexts in mind, using measures of both processes and outcomes (especially short-term outcomes) appropriate to these contexts. (72 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献