Set and content scores for personality scales and response styles in the MMPI.

Set and content scores from 3 MMPI scales, Edwards SD scale, the Manifest Anxiety scale (MA), and the Masculinity-Femininity (Mf) scale, were derived by an adaptation of the Helmstadter technique for obtaining separate (acquiescence) set and content scores from personality scales. In a factor analysis of scores for 150 male college Ss on 54 variables, the MA-Set and SD-Set variables defined a common factor, but only the Mf-Set variable loaded the 2nd, or acquiescence, factor. The inconsistency of these results indicated that the set formula was not consistently measuring, or reflecting, acquiescence, or any other construct, and furthermore suggested the need for caution in making acquiescence interpretations based on the Helmstadter procedure. Some speculations were advanced to account for the disparate results of the set variables, such as the degree of true-false and SD-SUD keying in the "parent" scales. A systematic variation of such scale keying in future research may indicate what the set procedure is measuring and have potential implications for the clarification of the nature of acquiescence in personality scales. (34 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of race of examiner and cultural mistrust on the WAIS performance of Black students.

100 Black males (17–19 yrs old) were given the Terrell Cultural Mistrust Inventory, and groups with high and low levels of mistrust of Whites were identified. Half of the Ss in each group were then administered the WAIS by a White examiner. The remaining were tested by a Black examiner. The Black examiner/high mistrust group scored significantly higher than the White examiner/high mistrust group. In addition, the White examiner/low mistrust group scored significantly higher than the White examiner/high mistrust group. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Brief problem-oriented psychotherapy: A model for nontraditional clients.

Presents an active, brief, problem-oriented therapeutic model for working with nontraditional clients. An effort is made to view the potential client in terms of his/her own environment and expressed problem areas. Using a limited number of contacts, the therapeutic emphasis is on aiding the client to more effectively interact with his or her environment through the acquisition of additional skills and bodies of knowledge. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Time-independent mechanical and physical properties of the ternary 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu solder

The development of a constitutive model for predicting the thermal-mechanical fatigue (TMF) of 95.5Sn-3.9Ag-0.6Cu (wt.%) Pb-free solder interconnects requires the measurement of time-independent mechanical and physical properties. Yield stress was measured over the temperature range of −25–160°C using strain rates of 4.2 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ and 8.3 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. The yield-stress values ranged from approximately 40 MPa at −25°C to 10 MPa at 160°C for tests performed at 4.2 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹. The faster strain rate and specimen aging had a limited impact on the yield stress. The true stress/true strain curves indicated that dynamic-recovery and dynamic-recrystallization processes took place in as-cast samples exposed to temperatures of 125°C and 160°C, respectively, while tested at a strain rate of 4.2 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹. Aging the sample prior to testing, as well as a faster strain rate, mitigated both phenomena. Dynamic Young’s modulus values ranged from 55 GPa at −50°C to 35 GPa at 200°C, while the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) increased from approximately 12 × 10⁻⁶°C⁻¹ to 24 × 10⁻⁶°C⁻¹ for the same temperature range. The aging treatment had little effect on either Young’s modulus or the CTE.     

A comparison of the demography, clinical profile and treatment of adopted and non adopted children at a children's mental health centre

A retrospective analysis of adopted and non adopted children attending a children's mental health centre between 1959 and 1973 indicated a higher than expected number of males and a significantly higher number of professional fathers than expected in the adopted group. A sub-group of adopted children identified as having learning problems by reports of the parents and teachers had a different pattern of test scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children from a non adopted group, who were also selected for learning difficulties. On the parent's and clinician's ratings, the adopted group had more parent-identified hyperactivity symptoms and clinicians' diagnoses of hyperactivity. Treatment data indicated that they used more stimulant medication; this was particularly significant for the early adoptees. The early adoptees were considered to be more hyperactive by their parents than the late adoptees. The late adoptees were more impaired on psychometric testing than those placed early, before six months of age. These findings are discussed in relation to possible explanations for the higher than expected prevalence of adoptees seen in clinical populations.     

Reactivity in infants: A cross-national comparison.

433 4-mo-old infants from Boston, Dublin, and Beijing were administered the same battery of visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli to evaluate differences in levels of reactivity. The Chinese Ss were significantly less active, irritable, and vocal than the Boston and Dublin samples, with Boston Ss showing the highest level of reactivity. Data suggest the possibility of temperamental differences between Caucasian and Asian infants in reactivity to stimulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A framework for performance-based design

The international competitiveness of the US construction industry is linked to its strategic ability to design and build quality projects. This means delivering facilities that satisfy all the needs of the client. Correct decision-making during design and construction planning is the best means for assuring a quality project. Performance-based design is a framework that enables the project team to approach the project delivery process systematically and provides basic principles for evaluating and comparing alternative solutions. The principles of axiomatic design (as previously advanced by Suh) and the concept of an interface index are key elements of the framework. Axiomatic design provides an operational structure for the design process as well as a set of basic principles or axioms for guiding each decision-maker. The interface index complements the design axioms by quantifying the effort associated with integrating the contributions of multiple decision-makers into a total system. Elements of the framework are demonstrated through application to an actual facility.     

Intelligence Tests on Trial: Another Judiciary Opinion.

Judge John F. Grady, in the Parents in Action on Special Education et al. v. Joseph P. Hannon et al. case, in July 1980 ruled that intelligence tests are not racially biased. Unlike federal Judge Robert F. Peckham, who had previously ruled in the Larrry P. case, in October 1979, that intelligence tests were racially biased, Judge Grady found that when used in conjunction with other criteria for determining an appropriate educational program for a child, intelligence tests do not violate black children's constitutional guarantees. It is apparent that higher courts will eventually have to decide on the extent to which individual intelligence tests are culturally biased. The author believes that the courts do not have a sufficient degree of knowledge to make accurate judgments about complex issues involving the interrelations of psychology, education, and sociology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Asymmmetry of forehead temperature and cardiac activity.

Measures of heart rate and forehead temperature on 238, 21-month-old children exposed to mild laboratory stressors revealed 2 provocative results. More children were cooler on the left side of the forehead than on the right side of the forehead, and those with a cooler left side of the forehead had lower heart rates. These data suggest that some aspects of cerebral asymmetry and cardiovascular reactivity may be mediated by a common set of processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)