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81.
82.
This paper discusses the basic design of the encoding scheme described by the Text Encoding Initiative'sGuidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange (TEI document number TEI P3, hereafter simplyP3 orthe Guidelines). It first reviews the basic design goals of the TEI project and their development during the course of the project. Next, it outlines some basic notions relevant for the design of any markup language and uses those notions to describe the basic structure of the TEI encoding scheme. It also describes briefly the core tag set defined in chapter 6 of P3, and the default text structure defined in chapter 7 of that work. The final section of the paper attempts an evaluation of P3 in the light of its original design goals, and outlines areas in which further work is still needed.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen is a Senior Research Programmer at the academic computer center of the University of Illinois at Chicago; his interests include medieval Germanic languages and literatures and the theory of electronic text markup. Since 1988 he has been editor in chief of the ACH/ACL/ALLC Text Encoding Initiative. Lou Burnard is Director of the Oxford Text Archive at Oxford University Computing Services, with interests in electronic text and database technology. He is European Editor of the Text Encoding Initiative's Guidelines. 相似文献
83.
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with unique properties exhibit their powerful competitiveness in the photovoltaic field over the past few years. However, the challenges of stability for perovskite devices limit the commercialization and further development. The 2D/3D hybrid structures combine the superior efficiency of bulk perovskites and the superior stability of layered perovskites and gradually get hotspots of the photovoltaic field. In addition, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding and systematic summary of the function of 2D perovskite attributed to the complex nature of 2D/3D structures. Here, the latest progress of 2D/3D hybrid structures and focus on the functionality of 2D phases in mixed structures and the underlying mechanism from the perspective of their different distributions in the perovskite layer is summarized. Then, the insight and vital factors for overall improvements in the stability of 2D/3D structures are thoroughly discussed. Finally, it is expected that this review will contribute to the present challenges and future research prospects in the photovoltaic industry. 相似文献
84.
Qiang Chen Hang Li Xuan Lou Jianli Zhang Guangya Hou Jun Lu Yiping Tang 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(17):2214920
Aqueous ammonium ion hybrid supercapacitor (A-HSC) combines the charge storage mechanisms of surface adsorption and bulk intercalation, making it a low-cost, safe, and sustainable energy storage candidate. However, its development is hindered by the low capacity and unclear charge storage fundamentals. Here, the strategy of phosphate ion-assisted surface functionalization is used to increase the ammonium ion storage capacity of an α-MoO3 electrode. Moreover, the understanding of charge storage mechanisms via structural characterization, electrochemical analysis, and theoretical calculation is advanced. It is shown that NH4+ intercalation into layered α-MoO3 is not dominant in the A-HSC system; rather, the charge storage mainly depends on the adsorption energy of surface “O” to NH4+. It is further revealed that the hydrogen bond chemistry of the coordination between “O” of surface phosphate ion and NH4+ is the reason for the capacity increase of MoO3. This study not only advances the basic understanding of rechargeable aqueous A-HSC but also demonstrates the promising future of surface engineering strategies for energy storage devices. 相似文献
85.
目的 人脸年龄合成旨在合成指定年龄人脸图像的同时保持高可信度的人脸,是计算机视觉领域的热门研究方向之一。然而目前主流人脸年龄合成模型过于关注纹理信息,忽视了与人脸相关的多尺度特征,此外网络存在对身份信息筛选不佳的问题。针对以上问题,提出一种融合通道位置注意力机制和并行空洞卷积的人脸年龄合成网络(generative adversarial network(GAN)composed of the parallel dilated convolution and channel-coordinate attention mechanism,PDA-GAN)。方法 PDA-GAN基于生成对抗网络提出了并行三通道空洞卷积残差块和通道—位置注意力机制。并行三通道空洞卷积残差块将3种膨胀系数空洞卷积提取的不同尺度人脸特征融合,提升了特征尺度上的多样性和总量上的丰富度;通道—位置注意力机制通过对人脸特征的长度、宽度和深度显著性计算,定位图像中与年龄高度相关的通道和空间位置区域,增强了网络对通道和空间位置上敏感特征的表达能力,解决了特征冗余问题。结果 实验在Flickr高清人脸数据集(Flickr-faces-high-quality,FFHQ)上训练,在名人人脸属性高清数据集(large-scale celebfaces attributes dataset-high quality,Celeba-HQ)上测试,将本文提出的PDA-GAN与最新的3种人脸年龄图像合成网络进行定性和定量比较,以验证本文方法的有效性。实验结果表明,PDA-GAN显著提升了人脸年龄合成的身份置信度和年龄估计准确度,具有良好的身份信息保留和年龄操控能力。结论 本文方法能够合成具有较高真实度和准确性的目标年龄人脸图像。 相似文献
86.
双脉冲激光诱导等离子体在激光加工、元素检测、材料去除等领域有广阔的应用前景和发展空间,对其进行诊断具有重要意义。针对延迟双脉冲激光诱导铝等离子体的作用效果和影响机理,采用双波长干涉法对其时间演化规律展开研究。基于马赫-曾德尔干涉仪搭建了双波长干涉诊断系统,得到了双脉冲激光诱导等离子体干涉图。通过对干涉图的处理和分析,得到了等离子体电子密度随双脉冲激光延迟时间的变化规律。结果表明,随着双脉冲激光延迟时间的增加,第二束脉冲激光对等离子体电子密度的增强效果先加强后减弱。其中,双脉冲激光延迟时间为10 ns时,对等离子体电子密度的增强效果最强,在30 ns时刻,其中心区域平均电子密度可达6.49×1019 cm?3,相较于同等能量单脉冲激光诱导等离子体提升了26%。同时研究了延迟时间对第二束脉冲激光作用机制的影响。研究结果为双脉冲激光诱导等离子体的优化方向提供了参考。 相似文献
87.
88.
Gonglan Ye Yongji Gong Sidong Lei Yongmin He Bo Li Xiang Zhang Zehua Jin Liangliang Dong Jun Lou Robert Vajtai Wu Zhou Pulickel M. Ajayan 《Nano Research》2017,10(7):2386-2394
Two-dimensional layers of metal dichalcogenides have attracted much attention because of their ultrathin thickness and potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics.Monolayer SnS2,with a band gap of ~2.6 eV,has an octahedral lattice made of two atomic layers of sulfur and one atomic layer of tin.Till date,there have been limited reports on the growth of large-scale and high quality SnS2 atomic layers and the investigation of their properties as a semiconductor.Here,we report the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of atomic-layer SnS2 with a large crystal size and uniformity.In addition,the number of layers can be changed from a monolayer to few layers and to bulk by changing the growth time.Scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the atomic structure and demonstrate the 2H stacking poly-type of different layers.The resultant SnS2 crystals is used as a photodetector with external quantum efficiency as high as 150%,suggesting promise for optoelectronic applications. 相似文献
89.
Ting-Ting Li An-Pang Chen Po-Wen Hwang Yi-Jun Pan Wen-Hao Hsing Ching-Wen Lou 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》2018,33(2):149-155
This study presents the synergistic effects of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and carbon fibers (CFs) additions on the electrical and electromagnetic shielding properties of GNS/CF/polypropylene (PP) composites. These composites were fabricated by the melt blending of different ratios of GNSs and CFs (20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 wt/wt%) into a PP polymer matrix using a Brabender mixer. Besides, the chemical and crystalline structures and the thermal stability of the resultant GNS/CF/PP composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FT-IR and XRD showed that with the addition of GNSs content, transmittances at 1373.4?cm?1 and 1454.4?cm?1 became smaller and the characteristic peak at 26.82° became stronger. TGA showed that the GNS/CF/PP composite can be used at high temperature below 456°C. Blending 10?wt% CFs and 10?wt% GNSs into the PP polymer resulted in excellent conductivity (0.397 S/cm), which indicated the occurrence of the critical percolation threshold phenomenon, and also reached the maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of 20?dB at 1.28–2.00?GHz. Laminated with five layers of composites, its EMSE achieved 25–38?dB at 0.3–3.0?GHz, corresponding to blocking of 94.38–98.74% electromagnetic waves. 相似文献
90.
MRI Probes: Timely Visualization of the Collaterals Formed during Acute Ischemic Stroke with Fe3O4 Nanoparticle‐based MR Imaging Probe (Small 23/2018)
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