Two- and four-subtest short forms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised.

Proposes Vocabulary and Block Design as a 2-subtest short form of the WAIS-R; the addition of Arithmetic and Picture Arrangement provides a 4-subtest short form of the scale. Based on data from the standardization sample, tables are presented giving Full Scale IQs for each of 9 age groups for both short forms. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Quantitative estimates of the western pine beetle attractive pheromone components,exo-brevicomin,frontalin, and myrcene in nature

Three parameters are described for estimating the natural occurrence of chemically defined insect pheromones: (1) the rate and duration of release by the insect, (2) the density of the pheromone-emitting insect population in both time and space, and (3) dispersal and degradation rates of the chemicals. Each of these parameters, except dispersal, was estimated for a population ofDendroctonus brevicomis LeC, and its three component attractive pheromones. A single generation of 610,000 beetles, believed to comprise the entire population in a 65-km² forest, was estimated to have released 0.78, 3.7, and 370.5 g of frontalin,exo-brevicomin, and myrcene, respectively, within a 30-day period. Dendroctonus brevicomis Le Conte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae).Parts of this report were prepared for the U.S. Forest Service to accompany a future application to the Environmental Protection Agency for registration of these attractants for use in the suppression ofD. brevicomis populations. The research was supported by grants to the University of California (D.L. Wood) from the National Science Foundation/Environmental Protection Agency (NSF-6B-34718/BMS75-04223), Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and Rockefeller Foundation. The findings, opinions, and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily those of these institutions.     

An LCOS‐based digital‐cinema projector

Abstract— A digital cinema projector that utilizes three JVC QXGALCDs, and provides 12,000 lumens, 2000:1 contrast, and 3‐Mpixel resolution was developed. This system, which was described in a prior paper (see Ref. 10), has a novel optical configuration based on the use of intermediate imaging optics and wire‐grid polarizers and is described in greater detail in this paper. The polarization optics, including the polarization compensators, contribute to a system that provides high contrast at a low f/#, with a wide color gamut and minimal color shading at high power.     

基于傅立叶变换的显示调制算法

介绍了一种使用光栅图像和傅立叶分析法来确定背投显示器光栅调制值的首选方案。这种方法对空间图像噪声不敏感,并且与标准技术相比,它能够更好的与人类视觉系统的反应相一致。这种方法不局限于任何特定的显示器类型,可以适用于任何技术。     

Maternal employment and children's achievement in context: A meta-analysis of four decades of research.

This meta-analysis of 68 studies (770 effect sizes) used random effects models to examine whether children's achievement differed depending on whether their mothers were employed. Four achievement outcomes were emphasized: formal tests of achievement and intellectual functioning, grades, and teacher ratings of cognitive competence. When all employment was compared with nonemployment for combined and separate achievement outcomes without moderators, effects were nonsignificant. Small beneficial effects of part-time compared with full-time employment were apparent for all achievement outcomes combined and for each individual achievement outcome. Significant sample-level moderators of the associations between maternal employment and achievement for all outcomes combined included family structure, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status; associations were positive when samples were majority 1-parent families and mixed 1- and 2-parent families, racially/ethnically diverse or international in composition, and not middle-upper class. Analyses of child gender indicated more positive effects for girls. Children's age was a significant moderator for the outcome of intellectual functioning. The identification of sample-level moderators of the relationship between maternal employment and children's achievement highlights the importance of social context in understanding work-family linkages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Novel transmit aperture for very large depth of focus in medical ultrasound B-scan

Obtaining high quality ultrasound images at high frame rates has great medical importance, especially in applications in which tissue motion is significant (e.g., the beating heart). Dynamic focus and dynamic aperture can improve image quality significantly, and they have been implemented on the receive beam in state-of-the-art medical ultrasound systems. However, implementing dynamic focus and dynamic aperture on the transmit beam compromises frame rate. We introduce a novel sinc squared-argument transmit aperture that is obtained by coherently integrating the quadratic phase change over a continuum of focal points. Thus uniform sensitivity and uniform point spread function can be achieved over a very large depth without reducing the frame rate. Numerical simulations validate our theoretical analysis and demonstrate significant promises of the new technique.     

Dangerous Liaisons: Caspase-11 and Reactive Oxygen Species Crosstalk in Pathogen Elimination

Recently, the focus of murine caspase-11 and human orthologs caspase-4, -5 research has been on their novel function to induce noncanonical inflammasome activation in direct response to Gram-negative bacterial infection. On the other hand, a new role in anti-bacterial autophagy has been attributed to caspase-11, -4 and -5, which currently stands largely unexplored. In this review, we connect lately emerged evidence that suggests these caspases have a key role in anti-bacterial autophagy and discuss the growing implications of a danger molecule—extracellular ATP—and NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation as novel inducers of human caspase-4, -5 signaling during infection. We also highlight the adeptness of persistent pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobe and successful colonizer of oral mucosa, to potentially interfere with the activated caspase-4 pathway and autophagy. While, the ability of caspase-4, -5 to promote autophagolysosomal fusion is not well understood, the abundance of caspase-4 in skin and other mucosal epithelial cells implies an important role for caspase-4 in mucosal defense, supporting the view that caspase-4, -5 may play a non-redundant part in innate immunity. Thus, this review will join the currently disconnected cutting-edge research thereby proposing a working model for regulation of caspase-4, -5 in pathogen elimination via cellular-trafficking.     

An Approach for the Microstructure-Sensitive Simulation of Shear-Induced Deformation and Recrystallization in Al–Si Alloys

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Al alloys are known to experience extensive grain refinement during shear-assisted processing techniques, an effect driven by dynamic dislocation...     

The Chemistry of Porous Polymers: The Holey Grail

Porous polymers have been evolving continuously since the introduction of foam rubber in 1929. Today, pore diameters ranging from sub-nanometre to millimetre can be generated controllably. Cutting-edge porous polymers are now being applied at the forefront of critical problems with societal and environmental impact including advanced systems for biomedicine, water purification, energy storage, and gas purification and storage. The commonly-used pore generation approaches include macromolecular design, self-assembly, phase separation, solid and liquid templating, sol-gel formation, and foaming. In each, The Chemistry of Polymers, both the polymerization chemistry and the macromolecular structural chemistry, must be applied advantageously to generate the empty volume within the polymer and then fix it in place. This essay will traverse the various pore size scales, describing the chemistries involved and discussing their implications.