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141.
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143.
Andrés Bruhn Joachim Weickert Christoph Schnörr 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2005,61(3):211-231
Differential methods belong to the most widely used techniques for optic flow computation in image sequences. They can be classified into local methods such as the Lucas–Kanade technique or Bigün's structure tensor method, and into global methods such as the Horn/Schunck approach and its extensions. Often local methods are more robust under noise, while global techniques yield dense flow fields. The goal of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding and the design of novel differential methods in four ways; (i) We juxtapose the role of smoothing/regularisation processes that are required in local and global differential methods for optic flow computation. (ii) This discussion motivates us to describe and evaluate a novel method that combines important advantages of local and global approaches: It yields dense flow fields that are robust against noise. (iii) Spatiotemporal and nonlinear extensions as well as multiresolution frameworks are presented for this hybrid method. (iv) We propose a simple confidence measure for optic flow methods that minimise energy functionals. It allows to sparsify a dense flow field gradually, depending on the reliability required for the resulting flow. Comparisons with experiments from the literature demonstrate the favourable performance of the proposed methods and the confidence measure. 相似文献
144.
Use of coupled canopy structure dynamic and radiative transfer models to estimate biophysical canopy characteristics 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Leaf area index (LAI) is a key variable for the understanding of several eco-physiological processes within a vegetation canopy. The LAI could thus provide vital information for the management of the environment and agricultural practices when estimated continuously over time and space thanks to remote sensing sensors.This study proposed a method to estimate LAI spatial and temporal variation based on multi-temporal remote sensing observations processed using a simple semi-mechanistic canopy structure dynamic model (CSDM) coupled with a radiative transfer model (RTM). The CSDM described the temporal evolution of the LAI as function of the accumulated daily air temperature as measured from classical ground meteorological stations.The retrieval performances were evaluated for two different data sets: first, a data set simulated by the RTM but taking into account realistic measurement conditions and uncertainties resulting from different error sources; second, an experimental data set acquired over maize crops the Blue Earth City area (USA) in 1998. Results showed that the proposed approach improved significantly the retrieval performances for LAI mainly by smoothing the residual errors associated to each individual observation. In addition it provides a way to describe in a continuous manner the LAI time course from a limited number of observations during the growth cycle. 相似文献
145.
We present and analyze different implementations of mass-spring systems for interactive simulation of deformable surfaces on graphics processing units (GPUs). For the amount of springs we target, numerical time integration of spring displacements needs to be accelerated and the transfer of displaced point positions for rendering must be avoided. To fulfill these requirements, we exploit features of recent graphics accelerators to simulate spring elongation and compression on the GPU, saving displaced point masses in graphics memory, and then sending these positions through the GPU again to render the deformed surface. Two different simulation algorithms implementing scattering and gathering operations on the GPU are compared with respect to performance and numerical accuracy. We discuss GPU specific issues to be considered in simulation techniques showing similar computation and memory access patterns to mass-spring systems. 相似文献
146.
Christian Feddern Joachim Weickert Bernhard Burgeth Martin Welk 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2006,69(1):93-107
Matrix-valued data sets arise in a number of applications including diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) and
physical measurements of anisotropic behaviour. Consequently, there arises the need to filter and segment such tensor fields.
In order to detect edge-like structures in tensor fields, we first generalise Di Zenzo’s concept of a structure tensor for
vector-valued images to tensor-valued data. This structure tensor allows us to extend scalar-valued mean curvature motion
and self-snakes to the tensor setting. We present both two-dimensional and three-dimensional formulations, and we prove that
these filters maintain positive semidefiniteness if the initial matrix data are positive semidefinite. We give an interpretation
of tensorial mean curvature motion as a process for which the corresponding curve evolution of each generalised level line
is the gradient descent of its total length. Moreover, we propose a geodesic active contour model for segmenting tensor fields
and interpret it as a minimiser of a suitable energy functional with a metric induced by the tensor image. Since tensorial
active contours incorporate information from all channels, they give a contour representation that is highly robust under
noise. Experiments on three-dimensional DT-MRI data and an indefinite tensor field from fluid dynamics show that the proposed
methods inherit the essential properties of their scalar-valued counterparts. 相似文献
147.
Conformal alpha shapes are a new filtration of the Delaunay triangulation of a finite set of points in ℝd. In contrast to (ordinary) alpha shapes the new filtration is parameterized by a local scale parameter instead of the global scale parameter in alpha shapes. The local scale parameter conforms to the local geometry and is motivated from applications and previous algorithms in surface reconstruction. We show how conformal alpha shapes can be used for surface reconstruction of non-uniformly sampled surfaces, which is not possible with alpha shapes. 相似文献
148.
In this paper we describe two projects on contextualized computer systems and audio augmented environments we are currently
working on at the Fraunhofer Institutes FIT and IMK. In this paper we will only focus on the world models and the augmentation
layer. Both projects are based on completely different technologies, and use different representation methods and interaction
facilities. While in hippie users are moving with small laptop computers or wearable computers with a small visual display,
in LISTEN users will have only a wireless headphone displaying spatially rendered sound-scenes.
Correspondence to: J. Goβmann, Fraunhofer-IMK, Schloss Birlinghoven, D-53754 St Augustin, Germany. 相似文献
149.
Joachim Wahle Roland Chrobok Andreas Pottmeier Michael Schreckenberg 《Networks and Spatial Economics》2002,2(4):371-386
In this contribution a micro-simulator for freeway traffic which is coupled to a stream of on-line data stemming from inductive loops is presented. In order to provide network-wide information about the current traffic state a cellular automaton traffic flow model is combined with the measured data. The framework is applied to the freeway network of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), where data from about 3,500 inductive loops are provided on-line minute by minute. Special attention is paid to the technical aspects of the simulation like the network structure. Results are presented and discussed. 相似文献
150.
Because of high efficiency, low environmental impacts and a potential role in transforming our energy system into a hydrogen economy, fuel cells are often considered as a key technology for a sustainable energy supply. However, the future framing conditions under which stationary fuel cells have to prove their technical and economic competitiveness are most likely characterised by a reduced demand for space heating, and a growing contribution of renewable energy sources to heat and electricity supply, which both directly limit the potential for combined heat and power generation, and thus also for fuel cells. Taking Germany as a case study, this paper explores the market potential of stationary fuel cells under the structural changes of the energy demand and supply system required to achieve a sustainable energy supply. Results indicate that among the scenarios analysed it is in particular a strategy oriented towards ambitious CO2-reduction targets, which due to its changes in the supply structure is in a position to mobilise a market potential that might be large enough for a successful fuel cell commercialisation. However, under the conditions of a business-as-usual trajectory the sales targets of fuel cell manufacturers cannot be met. 相似文献