Determination of the place conditioning and locomotor effects of amperozide in rats: A comparison with cocaine.

Amperozide promotes social interactions in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and reduces craving for cocaine and alcohol without producing adverse side effects. Amperozide administration produced a place preference in the dose range from 3.0 to 10.0 mg/kg. Locomotor behavior tended to be suppressed on the days of amperozide pairings, elevated on the days of vehicle pairings, and elevated on test days. Administration of 20.0 mg/kg but neither 2.0 nor 0.2 mg/kg cocaine produced place preference. Rats exhibited a greater place preference for the chamber paired with 2.0 mg/kg and 20.0 mg/kg but not 0.2 mg/kg cocaine compared to the chamber paired with 5.0 mg/kg amperozide. The results indicate that amperozide is appetitive. The most appetitive dose of amperozide (5.0 mg/kg) is less appetitive than the most appetitive dose of cocaine (20.0 mg/kg). More research is needed before conclusions regarding the degree of abuse potential for amperozide can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Expository Text Comprehension in the Primary Grade Classroom.

This study investigates the effectiveness of an instructional program designed to teach 2nd graders how to comprehend compare-contrast expository text. Along with introducing new content (animal classification), the program emphasizes text structure via clue words, a sequence of questions, and a graphic organizer, and via the close analysis of specially constructed exemplar paragraphs. The authors compared the program with (a) more traditional instruction that focused only on the new content and (b) a no instruction control; 128 7- and 8-year-olds participated. Classroom teachers provided the instruction. The program improved students' ability to comprehend compare-contrast texts. Students were able to demonstrate transfer to uninstructed compare-contrast texts though not to text structures other than compare-contrast. Moreover, the text structure instruction did not detract from their ability to learn new content. The results provide evidence, heretofore lacking, that explicit instruction in comprehension is feasible and effective as early as the 2nd grade. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of varying conceptualizations of job performance on adverse impact, minority hiring, and predicted performance.

The present research explored the effects of various strategies of weighting criterion dimensions on adverse impact, minority hiring, and job performance. In particular, this research compared strategies that vary the weight of task and contextual performance dimensions in calculating a composite criterion measure, in terms of their effects on regression weights assigned to predictors and effects on adverse impact, percentage of minorities hired, and predicted performance. With a Monte Carlo simulation based on meta-analytic evidence of multiple predictor and criterion relationships, the authors illustrate how organizations might think through the consequences of varying conceptualizations of job performance in selection contexts. Approaches that simultaneously increase aggregate predicted job performance and reduce adverse impact are described and illustrated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

分段显示器成就各式智能面板

电子纸（EPD）技术有一些瑕疵．缺乏市场成熟性。电子纸用户是少数,围绕EPD的生态体系和下层基础构建还在发展中,比如LCD显示器拥有众多的标准驱动电路支持,但可以设想,EPD的瑕疵会随着市场的发展而淡化。EPD的其它缺陷还包括有电压要求：即高压驱动（〉10V）,尽管驱动电流非曾低。随着时间推移EPD比其它显示媒介缩短了响应时间。当然,尽管存在这些缺点,但都会在：降来得到改正,EPD为各种创新应用提供了独到的方案。分段式EPD凭据其超薄、不规謦性、柔韧性能,可为各种类型的显示器提供高对比显示,通过运用低功耗电子系统来匹配低功耗图形显示,设计师可以实现产品便携和长寿电池的双重性能。     

Minimum-energy broadcast and multicast in wireless networks: An integer programming approach and improved heuristic algorithms

Both integer programming models and heuristic algorithms have been proposed for finding minimum-energy broadcast and multicast trees in wireless ad hoc networks. Among heuristic algorithms, the broadcast/multicast incremental power (BIP/MIP) algorithm is most known. The theoretical performance of BIP/MIP has been quantified in several studies. To assess the empirical performance of BIP/MIP and other heuristic algorithms, it is necessary to compute an optimal tree or a very good lower bound of the optimum. In this paper, we present an integer programming approach as well as improved heuristic algorithms. Our integer programming approach comprises a novel integer model and a relaxation scheme. Unlike previously proposed models, the continuous relaxation of our model leads to a very sharp lower bound of the optimum. Our relaxation scheme allows for performance evaluation of heuristics without having to compute optimal trees. Our contributions to heuristic algorithms consist of the power-improving algorithm successive power adjustment (SPA), and improved time complexity of some previously suggested algorithms. We report extensive numerical experiments. Algorithm SPA finds better solutions in comparison to a host of other algorithms. Moreover, the integer programming approach shows that trees found by algorithm SPA are optimal or near-optimal.     

Preparation and characterization of magnetic carbon nanomaterials bearing APTS–silica on their surface

The formation of metal-encapsulated carbon nanomaterials by using metallic catalysts (iron, cobalt, and nickel) has been studied. Moreover, these materials were coated with silica surface modified by (3-Aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (APTS). Each intermediate structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface morphology of silica-coated carbon nanomaterials was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The modified, APTS–silica surface was additionally characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental (EA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).     

Visual short-term memory in the hearing and the deaf.

Tested 9 deaf and 9 normal 15-27 yr olds on their ability to report letters, shapes, and nonsense figures from a tachistoscopic presentation. Deaf Ss performed worse than hearing Ss on recall of figural information, thereby supporting a linguistic coding hypothesis. However, there was no difference between the groups on position information, and letter confusions were primarily visual in both groups. Findings suggest that more attention should be given to visual short-term memory in theoretical models of memory. Formation of the icon was apparently not affected by a linguistic deficit, since effects of stimulus duration and type of viewing (continuous vs interrupted) were similar in both hearing and deaf Ss. Significant positive correlations which were found between deaf Ss' school reading scores and their tachistoscopic scores were not interpreted as support for a linguistic coding hypothesis, but rather as support for the notion that the memory skills tested in the experiment may underlie reading ability. (French summary) (24 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Nest repair behavior in birds nesting in salt marshes.

Studied 5 species of birds nesting in salt marshes in New Jersey to determine their ability to respond to natural and experimental changes in their nests. Laughing gulls and clapper rails nest in the lowest areas of the marsh, common terns nest in intermediate areas, and herring gulls and mallards nest in high marsh areas. Manipulations of nests included wetting nests and differentially removing nest material. Nests were also observed following a high tide. There were differences in nest repair as a function of species and treatments. Laughing gulls and rails significantly repaired nests under most conditions, herring gulls and common terns repaired nests under some conditions, and mallards never repaired their nests. It is concluded that, generally, species are responsive to nest changes as a function of their nesting location in the marsh. (31 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Visual variant of Alzheimer's disease: Distinctive neuropsychological features.

A subgroup of patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) reported a history of isolated visual disturbances (VS) early in the course of disease, without the characteristic memory complaints. Brain imaging and neuropathologic studies indicated that this subgroup had larger involvement of visual cortical areas and relative sparing of temporal. frontal, and limbic structures compared with classic AD. Consistent with these findings, the authors hypothesized that the cognitive deficits in this subgroup would be distinctly different from those seen in more typical AD patients. The authors studied 10 probable AD patients with VS (AD&±&|S), 22 patients without VS (AD–), and 25 healthy controls with a neuropsychological test battery. Compared with AD–, AD&±&|S patients performed significantly better on tests of verbal memory and had greater impairment on tests of visuospatial skills, suggesting a distinct pattern of cognitive dysfunction consistent with metabolic and neuropathologic reports. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)