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41.
Muhammad Qasim Marius Wrage Bjrn Nüse Jochen Mattner 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(2)
The clinical symptoms of shigellosis, a gastrointestinal infection caused by Shigella spp. range from watery diarrhea to fulminant dysentery. Endemic infections, particularly among children in developing countries, represent the majority of clinical cases. The situation is aggravated due to the high mortality rate of shigellosis, the rapid dissemination of multi-resistant Shigella strains and the induction of only serotype-specific immunity. Thus, infection prevention due to vaccination, encompassing as many of the circulating serotypes as possible, has become a topic of interest. However, vaccines have turned out to be ineffective so far. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising novel targets for vaccination. OMVs are constitutively secreted by Gram-negative bacteria including Shigella during growth. They are composed of soluble luminal portions and an insoluble membrane and can contain toxins, bioactive periplasmic and cytoplasmic (lipo-) proteins, (phospho-) lipids, nucleic acids and/or lipopolysaccharides. Thus, OMVs play an important role in bacterial cell–cell communication, growth, survival and pathogenesis. Furthermore, they modulate the secretion and transport of biomolecules, the stress response, antibiotic resistance and immune responses of the host. Thus, OMVs serve as novel secretion machinery. Here, we discuss the current literature and highlight the properties of OMVs as potent vaccine candidates because of their immunomodulatory, antigenic and adjuvant properties. 相似文献
42.
Kseniya Khamina Andreas B. Diendorfer Susanna Skalicky Moritz Weigl Marianne Pultar Teresa L. Krammer Catharine Aquino Fournier Amy L. Schofield Carolin Otto Aaron Thomas Smith Nina Buchtele Christian Schoergenhofer Bernd Jilma Bernhard J. H. Frank Jochen G. Hofstaetter Regina Grillari Johannes Grillari Klemens Ruprecht Christopher E. Goldring Hubert Rehrauer Warren E. Glaab Matthias Hackl 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
43.
Lai FY Ort C Gartner C Carter S Prichard J Kirkbride P Bruno R Hall W Eaglesham G Mueller JF 《Water research》2011,45(15):4437-4448
44.
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in combination with thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was successfully applied to analyze a range of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in wastewater, solids and sludge. The targeted EDCs include sex steroid hormones, phthalates, alkylphenols and tamoxifen. Recovery for the EDCs using this analytical technique ranged from 44% to 128%. Limit of detection (LOD) of the compounds was 2.0 ng/L for water samples and 0.02 ng/g for solid samples, whereas the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 5.0 ng/L for water samples and 0.06 ng/g for solid samples. When this analytical technique was applied to measure EDC concentration in a biological nutrient removal (BNR) wastewater treatment plant located in South East Queensland, Australia, the results showed that there were high amounts of phthalates, alkylphenols and female hormones present in the raw influent wastewater and solids. These concentrations were dramatically reduced after passing through the various treatment zones of the bioreactor (anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic). 相似文献
45.
Ad hoc sharing of resources by offering remote services through an appropriate infrastructure enables new applications for mobile devices. However, the willingness of device owners to contribute resources to such applications remains low as long as they cannot control the amount of energy spent in sharing. In this paper, we present a framework for energy-aware resource sharing among mobile devices of various kinds that comprises (1) energy-aware strategies for selecting remote service providers and (2) a generic energy estimator for forecasting and accounting the energy consumption of a remote service call. To illustrate the benefit of (1), we show by simulation that the battery lifetime of devices running the framework can be extended up to 40% by service selection strategies that take into account the energy cost of a requested service compared to energy-unaware (random) service selection. For providing the energy-related input for service selection, we present (2) a generic estimator that can be customized easily for different hardware-platforms by solving a linear equation system with coefficients derived from benchmark measurements. We present a prototype-based case study for three different platforms, the Nokia N810, the HTC Touch Cruise and the Samsung Galaxy S showing that for all of them the estimation error is below 10% for 90% of the service calls. Furthermore, measurements conducted with a prototype implementation of the resource sharing framework show that battery lifetime can in fact be extended by energy-aware service selection strategies. 相似文献
46.
Pedro J. Ballester Martina Mangold Nigel I. Howard Richard L. Marchese Robinson Chris Abell Jochen Blumberger John B. O. Mitchell 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2012,9(77):3196-3207
One of the initial steps of modern drug discovery is the identification of small organic molecules able to inhibit a target macromolecule of therapeutic interest. A small proportion of these hits are further developed into lead compounds, which in turn may ultimately lead to a marketed drug. A commonly used screening protocol used for this task is high-throughput screening (HTS). However, the performance of HTS against antibacterial targets has generally been unsatisfactory, with high costs and low rates of hit identification. Here, we present a novel computational methodology that is able to identify a high proportion of structurally diverse inhibitors by searching unusually large molecular databases in a time-, cost- and resource-efficient manner. This virtual screening methodology was tested prospectively on two versions of an antibacterial target (type II dehydroquinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptomyces coelicolor), for which HTS has not provided satisfactory results and consequently practically all known inhibitors are derivatives of the same core scaffold. Overall, our protocols identified 100 new inhibitors, with calculated Ki ranging from 4 to 250 μM (confirmed hit rates are 60% and 62% against each version of the target). Most importantly, over 50 new active molecular scaffolds were discovered that underscore the benefits that a wide application of prospectively validated in silico screening tools is likely to bring to antibacterial hit identification. 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
Quirin Meyer Jochen Süßmuth Gerd Sußner Marc Stamminger Günther Greiner 《Computer Graphics Forum》2010,29(4):1405-1409
In this paper we analyze normal vector representations. We derive the error of the most widely used representation, namely 3D floating‐point normal vectors. Based on this analysis, we show that, in theory, the discretization error inherent to single precision floating‐point normals can be achieved by 250.2 uniformly distributed normals, addressable by 51 bits. We review common sphere parameterizations and show that octahedron normal vectors perform best: they are fast and stable to compute, have a controllable error, and require only 1 bit more than the theoretical optimal discretization with the same error. 相似文献
50.
Hans-Juergen Odenthal Uwe Thiedemann Udo Falkenreck Jochen Schlueter 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2010,41(2):396-413
The oscillation of argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) converters is flow related and depends on the process parameters (e.g., vessel geometry, melt fill height, process gas type and blowing rate, vessel tilting angle, as well as geometry, number,
and arrangement of the side-wall nozzles). For a 120-ton AOD converter with seven submerged side-wall nozzles, plant tests,
physical simulations on a 1:4 scale water model, and computational fluid dynamics simulations have been done. The investigations
show that the penetration depth of an inert gas jet into the melt does not exceed approximately 0.4 m. The plumes are located
close to the nozzle-side converter wall and induce a large-scale primary vortex as well as intensive surface movements; both
are responsible for the oscillation. Several process mechanisms were investigated. The oscillation is highest in the last
stage of the dynamic blow and is still high during the reduction stage. As the amount of inert gas increases, the vibration
level also increases. Inert gas has a greater influence on the oscillation than oxygen. Tilting the converter around 8 deg
clearly leads to more intensive oscillations. Increasing the blowing rate increases the forces and torques acting on the vessel,
whereas the oscillation frequency remains nearly constant. A varying fill level does not influence the vibration level the
same way as the blowing rate. The operational test shows, for example, that the maximum torque does not depend on the heat
size when the latter varies between –8 pct and +21 pct of the nominal heat size. The water model test shows decreasing forces
and torques with a rising fill level. 相似文献