Electrospun hydrophilic fumed silica/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber-based composite electrolyte membranes

Hydrophilic fumed silica (SiO₂)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite electrolyte membranes were prepared by electrospinning composite solutions of SiO₂ and PAN in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Among electrospinning solutions with various SiO₂ contents, the 12 wt% SiO₂ in PAN solution has highest zeta potential (−40.82 mV), and exhibits the best dispersibility of SiO₂ particles. The resultant 12 wt% SiO₂/PAN nanofiber membrane has the smallest average fiber diameter, highest porosity, and largest specific surface area. In addition, this membrane has a three-dimensional network structure, which is fully interconnected with combined mesopores and macropores because of a good SiO₂ dispersion. Composite electrolyte membranes were prepared by soaking these porous nanofiber membranes in 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (1:1 vol%). It is found that 12 wt% SiO₂/PAN electrolyte membrane has the highest conductivity (1.1 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹) due to the large liquid electrolyte uptake (about 490%). In addition, the electrochemical performance of composite electrolyte membranes is also improved after the introduction of SiO₂. For initial cycle, 12 wt% SiO₂/PAN composite electrolyte membrane delivers the discharge capacity of 139 mAh g⁻¹ as 98% of theoretical value, and still retains a high value of 127 mAh g⁻¹ as 89% at 150th cycle, which is significantly higher that of pure PAN nanofiber-based electrolyte membranes.     

乙烯裂解炉LMPH管失效分析

乙烯裂解炉是乙烯裂解工艺生产过程中的核心装置.乙烯裂解炉辐射段(LMPH)炉管长时间受到火焰辐射冲刷或高温烟气传热,易发生渗碳、硫化、氧化、变形等腐蚀损伤.对某石油化工企业的裂解炉装置的LMPH管失效原因进行了分析后可知,LMPH管失效是由高温和炉管渗碳两大因素的共同作用导致的,并针对其失效原因提出了相应的预防措施和建...     

GB18582-2008版标准中VOC测试方法的改进及讨论

对GB18582-2008标准中规定的测定方法进行了试验,在具体操作方面对方法进行了一些改进,缩短了分析时间,提高了分析的重复性,并且与GB18582-2001版标准的测试方法进行了对比,对新标准中的一些不足提出了一些看法和讨论。目的是使新标准不仅在我们企业而且在涂料行业能够得到很好的贯彻和执行,进一步提高企业生产绿色环保涂料的积极性。     

微流控法以单乳为模板制备单分散中空微囊的研究

单分散中空微囊在化工、医药、生物技术等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文采用微流控技术制备了含甲基丙烯酸β羟乙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯两种单体的单分散水包油（O／W）乳液,并以此为模板,在致孔剂的作用下,光引发聚合成功制备了单分散聚甲基丙烯酸β羟乙酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯的中空微囊。用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对微囊进行系统的表征,结果表明,微囊的粒径在40μm左右,尺寸分布较窄,具有良好的单分散性,微囊外表面光滑,内表面粗糙,囊壁较薄,为中空结构。本研究中提出的方法为单分散中空微囊的制备提供了一条新的途径。     

工作场所空气中丙烯醛检测方法综述

丙烯醛属于高毒类化合物,严重危害人的身体健康。对目前测定工作场所中丙烯醛含量的一些主要的测定方法进行了综述,并对其优缺点进行了分析。     

无模型自适应控制器在自来水厂加药凝絮过程的控制研究

针对净水工艺中混凝投药控制存在的实际问题,以待滤水浊度为被控对象,采用无模型自适应控制技术（MFA）并设计前馈一反馈复合控制系统来实施控制。该控制系统克服了混凝投药过程的大时滞、大惯性,具有较好的稳定性和鲁棒性。广东省佛山沙口水厂中试基地的控制试验研究表明,该解决方案可行,控制效果良好,有较明显的应用价值。     

The process design and simulation for the methanol production on the FPSO (floating production,storage and off-loading) system

A process for methanol production from 100 MM scfd of stranded gas and CO₂ is proposed and simulated using a commercial process simulator, PRO/II v.9.1, for a FPSO (floating production, storage, off-loading) system. The process consists of Steam-CO₂ Reforming (SCR), methanol synthesis, a Reverse Water-Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction and ancillaries with recycle streams to SCR and RWGS. All reactors were simulated using the Gibbs reactor model. Also, the Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) model with reaction rate equations was used for the methanol reactor and the result was compared to the Gibbs reactor model. To maximize the use of the carbon source in stranded gas and CO₂ while avoiding an undesirable increase in process size, the optimum recycle ratios were calculated with a satisfying constraint, a steam-to-carbon ratio ≥ 1 in the SCR. In the proposed Methanol-FPSO process the RWGS reactor can maximize CO₂ utilization and case studies were performed to analyze the influence of RWGS.     

Operation performance of a pilot-scale gasification/melting process for liquid and slurry-type wastes

A gasification/melting facility that can operate up to 10 bar and 1,550 °C with a maximum 1 ton/day capacity was developed for liquid and slurry-type combustible wastes. The main focus of the system development was minimal use of expensive fuel for maintaining the reaction temperature by replacing it with cheap waste oil for energy input. The carbon conversion obtained was 97% while the cold gas efficiency reached 77.6% for the refined waste oil. When the feed was refined oil mixed with fly ash from a municipal waste incinerator, the carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency were 93% and 71.9%, respectively, with a slag conversion ratio of 0.93. The slag produced from fly ash exhibited environmentally acceptable heavy-metal leaching values and thus can be applicable as road material and for other purposes. The optimal O₂/feed ratio was 0.9–1.0 when only the refined waste oil was gasified, whereas the O₂/feed ratio had to be higher than 1.2 when fly ash was mixed. In addition, data showed that gasifier temperature can be estimated by on-line methane concentration measurements.