Misinterpretation of body sensations in panic disorder

Cognitive accounts of panic predict that panic disorder patients will be particularly prone to misinterpret autonomic sensations. Several studies have produced results consistent with this prediction, but each is open to alternative interpretation. To clarify matters, 2 studies administered the Body Sensations Interpretation Questionnaire (BSIQ) to panic patients and controls. Panic patients were more likely to interpret ambiguous autonomic sensations as signs of immediately impending physical or mental disaster and were more likely than other anxiety disorder patients and nonpatients to believe these interpretations. In a 3rd study, a brief version of the BSIQ was shown to have satisfactory test-retest reliability, to change with treatment, and to discriminate treatments that varied in their effects on panic.     

Effect of fish oil on the fatty acid composition of human milk and maternal and infant erythrocytes

To examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on the fatty acid (FA) composition of human milk and maternal and infant erythrocytes, five lactating women were supplemented with 6 g of fish oil daily for 21d. Usual maternal diets contained 1,147 mg of total n−3 FA, with 120 mg from very long-chain (>C₁₈) n−3 FA. Supplementation increased dietary levels to 3,092 mg of total n−3 FA and 2,006 mg of very long-chain n−3 FA. Milk samples were collected daily, prior to fish oil ingestion, and at 4-h intervals on days 1, 7, 14 and 21. Milk n−3 FA content increased within 8 h and reached steady state levels within one week. The n−6 fatty acid content decreased. Erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid content increased from 0.24% to 1.4% (P<0.01) in mothers and from 0.11% to 0.70% (P<0.05) in infants. Docosapentaenoic acid increased from 1.4% to 2.2% (P<0.05) in mothers and from 0.30% to 0.78% (P<0.01) in infants. There was no significant change in docosahexaenoic acid or n−6 fatty acid content. Maternal platelet aggregation responses were variable. No differences in milk or plasma tocopherol levels were noted. Based on a paper presented at the Symposium on Milk Lipids held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, April 1990.     

Replacement of dietary fish oil with increasing levels of linseed oil: Modification of flesh fatty acid compositions in Atlantic salmon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo salar</Emphasis>) using a fish oil finishing diet

Five groups of salmon, of initial mean weight 127±3 g, were fed increasing levels of dietary linseed oil (LO) in a regression design. The control diet contained capelin oil (FO) only, and the same oil was blended with LO to provide the experimental diets. After an initial period of 40 wk, all groups were switched to a finishing diet containing only FO for a further 24 wk. Growth and flesh lipid contents were not affected by dietary treatment. The FA compositions of flesh total lipids were linearly correlated with dietary FA compositions (r ²=0.88–1.00, P<0.0001). LO included at 50% of added dietary lipids reduced flesh DHA and EPA (20∶5n−3) concentrations to 65 and 58%, respectively, of the concentrations in fish fed FO. Feeding 100% LO reduced flesh DHA and EPA concentrations to 38 and 30%, respectively, of the values in fish fed FO. Differences between diet and flesh FA concentrations showed that 16∶0, 18∶1n−9, and especially DHA were preferentially retained in flesh, whereas 18∶2n−6, 18∶3n−3, and 22∶1n−11 were selected against and presumably utilized for energy. In fish previously fed 50 and 100% LO, feeding a finishing diet containing FO for 16 wk restored flesh DHA and EPA concentrations, to ≈80% of the values in fish fed FO throughout. Flesh DHA and EPA concentrations in fish fed up to 50% LO were above recommended intake values for humans for these EFA. This study suggests that LO can be used as a substitute for FO in seawater salmon feeds and that any reductions in DHA and EPA can be largely overcome with a finishing diethigh in FO before harvest.     

Cycling stability of a hybrid activated carbon//poly(3-methylthiophene) supercapacitor with N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid as electrolyte

A long cycle-life, high-voltage supercapacitor featuring an activated carbon//poly(3-methylthiophene) hybrid configuration with N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid, a solvent-free green electrolyte, was developed. The cyclability of a laboratory scale cell with electrode mass loading sized for practical uses was tested at 60 °C over 16,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles at 10 mA cm⁻² in the 1.5 and 3.6 V voltage range. The reported average and maximum specific energy and power, specific capacitance and capacity, equivalent series resistance and coulombic efficiency over cycling demonstrate the long-term viability of this ionic liquid as green electrolyte for high-voltage hybrid supercapacitors.     

An improved accelerated weathering protocol to anticipate Florida exposure behavior of coatings

A new accelerated weathering protocol has been developed which closely replicates the performance of automotive and aerospace coating systems exposed in South Florida. IR spectroscopy was used to verify that the chemical composition changes that occurred during accelerated weathering in devices with a glass filter that produced a high fidelity reproduction of sunlight’s UV spectrum matched those that occurred during natural weathering. Gravimetric water absorption measurements were used to tune the volume of water absorption during accelerated weathering to match that which occurred during natural weathering in South Florida. The frequency of water exposure was then scaled to the appropriate UV dose. A variety of coating systems were used to verify the correlation between the physical failures observed in the accelerated weathering protocol and natural weathering in South Florida. The new accelerated weathering protocol correctly reproduced gloss loss, delamination, cracking, blistering, and good performance in a variety of diverse coating systems. For automotive basecoat/clearcoat paint systems, the new weathering protocol shows significant acceleration over both Florida and previous accelerated weathering tests. For monocoat aerospace systems, the new weathering protocol showed less acceleration than for automotive coatings, but was still an improvement over previous accelerated tests and was faster than Florida exposure.     

Fatty Acid Profile of Cardiac Muscle Phospholipid and Triacylglycerol in MDX Mice and C57BL/10ScSnJ Controls

The mdx mouse is a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a debilitating disease affecting striated muscle. It is established that the fatty acid (FA) composition of skeletal muscle phospholipid (PL) is altered in mdx mice, but it is not known if cardiac muscle is similarly affected by dystrophin-deficiency. We tested FA profiles in PL and triacylglycerol (TAG) in cardiac muscle of 12-week old mdx and control (con) mice. Of 22 different FA, similar to our previous finding for skeletal muscle, the most abundant FA in heart PL were palmitic, stearic, cis-vaccenic, linoleic, and docosahexaenoic acid, while for TAG the most abundant FA were palmitic, oleic, cis-vaccenic, and linoleic acid. In comparing mdx and con, no significant group differences were detected for any FA in PL or TAG. Thus, unlike skeletal muscle, FA composition in cardiac muscle PL is not different between mdx and con at the age studied. The results can be understood in the context of tissue-specific disease severity in mdx mice, as pathology is quite modest in cardiac compared with skeletal muscle.     

Influence of Glass Content on Damping Properties of Plasma-Sprayed Mixtures of Zirconia and Glass

The addition by vacuum infiltration of small quantities of a polymer has been found to increase significantly the ability of a plasma-sprayed coating to dissipate vibratory energy at temperatures in the glassy-rubbery transition range of the polymer. As vitreous enamels and glasses undergo a glassy transition, but at much higher temperatures, the addition of a small amount of glass to a ceramic has the potential of providing high damping at such temperatures. Mixtures of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and a glass frit were plasma sprayed on specimens with bond coats. Measures of system response (resonant frequencies and loss factors) were extracted from frequency responses to excitations of cantilever beam specimens over a range of excitation amplitudes. Comparisons of values determined before and after coating were used to determine the damping properties of the coatings alone as functions of strain, at temperatures of special interest. Emphasis was given to identifying the lowest level of glass giving significantly more damping than that of the plasma-sprayed ceramic alone. Coatings with weight fractions of 5, 2, 1, ?, and 0% glass were tested. The inclusion of glass at all weight fractions considered was found to yield significant increases in both the stiffness and dissipation of the coatings.     

Phosphine functionalized polyaniline nanostructures

We study the problem of limited functionalization options for polyaniline through the surface attachment of phosphine coupling reagents. These studied linkers are P(CH₂OH)₃ and Ph₂PCH₂OH, and are attached to both conventional and nanostructured polyaniline. Additionally, model compounds are considered, extending the scope of our analysis. The successful attachment results indicate the potential for further functionalization, using the hydroxymethyl terminal groups of the phosphines for primary and secondary amine chemistry. These results should enable the development of sensitive and molecule-specific polyaniline-based devices.     

微波辐射辅助柠檬酸络合法制备的Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4的白光性能（英文）

采用微波辐射辅助柠檬酸络合法制备Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4纳米晶升频转换荧光粉。将柠檬酸络合物前驱体在300~700°C热处理3 h。Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4C在400°C时开始结晶,在600°C时结晶完成。经600°C热处理的Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4主要呈球形,且形态均匀。在980 nm的激光激发下,Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4纳米晶出现肉眼可见的明亮的白色升频转换发射,这种现象来自Tm3+的475 nm蓝光发射以及Ho3+的543 nm绿光和651 nm红光发射。通过调整Tm3+和Ho3+的浓度可以控制Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4的CIE色度图从冷到暖白色之间变化。讨论了Tm3+和Ho3+浓度对升频转换光性能的影响以及与激光泵功率相关的影响机制。