Compartment-ablation studies of GLUT4 distribution in adipocytes: evidence for multiple intracellular pools

The available data suggest that GLUT4 does populate the recycling endosomal system to some extent, but that a large proportion of the intracellular GLUT4 resides in a compartment that is devoid of transferrin receptors and may have properties more akin to specialized secretory vesicles. The study of the nature and biogenesis of this compartment will provide important insight into the mechanism by which insulin stimulates glucose transport. Further study of the role of the synaptobrevins in these distinct subcellular compartments will probably shed further light on the mechanism by which insulin stimulates GLUT4 translocation.     

Effect of mandibular and tongue protrusion on upper airway size during wakefulness

Oral appliances for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) produce either mandibular or tongue protrusion, and are thought to enlarge the upper airway (UA). We used videoendoscopy to measure UA cross-sectional area (CSA) and shape in the hypopharynx, oropharynx, and velopharynx during various stages of active mandibular and tongue protrusion during wakefulness in 10 patients with OSA and nine control subjects. Measurements were made in the supine position at end-tidal expiration, and were normalized to the CSA in the normal bite position. Airway shape was expressed as the anteroposterior/lateral (AP/L) diameter ratio. There were no differences between OSA patients and controls in the effects of mandibular and tongue protrusion on UA caliber. Both mandibular and tongue protrusion increased CSA in the hypopharynx and oropharynx (p < 0.001), whereas only tongue protrusion increased CSA in the velopharynx (p < 0.001). Tongue protrusion caused a greater increase in oropharyngeal and velopharyngeal CSA than did mandibular protrusion (p < 0.05). Mandibular protrusion caused a greater increase in CSA in the hypopharynx than in the oropharynx or velopharynx (p < 0.05). Obese patients had a larger relative increase in oropharyngeal CSA with mandibular and tongue protrusion than did subjects of normal weight. Tongue protrusion increased the AP/L diameter ratio in the oropharynx and velopharynx (p < 0.001), and mandibular protrusion did so to a lesser extent in the oropharynx (p < 0.01), resulting in a more circular airway shape. We conclude that mandibular and tongue protrusion increase the CSA and alter the shape of the UA during wakefulness.     

Spouse abuse recidivism in the U.S. Army by gender and military status.

Recidivism by spouse abusers was investigated using records of offenders in the U.S. Army Central Registry. Recidivism by gender and military status (active-duty or civilian spouse) was compared over a 70-month period. Between fiscal years 1989–1997, 48,330 offenders were identified in initial and recidivist incidents. Recidivism was analyzed by means of a Cox proportional hazard rate model, controlling for age, race, number of dependents, education, and substance abuse. Two different sets of survival curves were obtained: (a) Men were much more likely than women to have a recurrence and (b) within gender, civilians were more likely to have a recurrence than were active-duty military personnel. At 70 months, 30% of the male civilian offenders and 27% of the male active-duty offenders had committed a subsequent spouse abuse incident compared with 20% of the female civilian offenders and 18% of the female active-duty offenders, controlling for other variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fatty Acids Released from Milk Fat by Lipoprotein Lipase and Lipolytic Psychrotrophs

ABSTRACT: The ability of 13 different strains of psychrotrophs to release free fatty acids in milk was evaluated by using GC analysis. The 13 strains could be categorized into 3 groups: Group 1 consisted of bacteria that grew well and released large quantities of free fatty acids, group 2 consisted of bacteria that grew well but released low amounts of free fatty acids, and group 3 consisted of bacteria that did not grow well nor released large quantities of fatty acids. In group 1, 3 strains were determined to be highly lipolytic, releasing short‐chain fatty acids in amounts greater than reported threshold values. Group 3 consisted of 2 strains, which did not grow well in heat‐treated milk, and the subsequent release of free fatty acids was minor during the 10‐d monitoring time. The other 8 strains tested showed no specific pattern of fatty acid release and quantities of short‐chain fatty acids were not large, despite the ability to grow to high numbers in the treated milk. This work indicates that the lipolytic activity of psychrotrophs common in raw milk is specific to the species and a general prediction of free fatty acid release may not be possible.     

微波辐射辅助柠檬酸络合法制备的Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4的白光性能（英文）

采用微波辐射辅助柠檬酸络合法制备Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4纳米晶升频转换荧光粉。将柠檬酸络合物前驱体在300~700°C热处理3 h。Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4C在400°C时开始结晶,在600°C时结晶完成。经600°C热处理的Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4主要呈球形,且形态均匀。在980 nm的激光激发下,Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4纳米晶出现肉眼可见的明亮的白色升频转换发射,这种现象来自Tm3+的475 nm蓝光发射以及Ho3+的543 nm绿光和651 nm红光发射。通过调整Tm3+和Ho3+的浓度可以控制Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+共掺杂CaWO4的CIE色度图从冷到暖白色之间变化。讨论了Tm3+和Ho3+浓度对升频转换光性能的影响以及与激光泵功率相关的影响机制。     

A conserved LIM protein that affects muscular adherens junction integrity and mechanosensory function in Caenorhabditis elegans

The glycosylation of the equine interhaemal barrier and areola was studied throughout the period of gestation. Placentae of 35, 37, 50, 119, 152, 200, 280 and 300 days gestation were investigated, using semithin plastic embedded sections and a panel of 15 biotinylated lectins with an avidin-peroxidase revealing system. Glycosylation of the trophoblast and maternal epithelium showed the most change during the first 50 days of gestation, being associated with the initial stages of adhesion and attachment. In the trophoblast, non-bisected tri/tetraantennary complex N-glycan was only evident after day 37 and terminal N-acetyl galactosamine, alpha2,3- and alpha2,6-linked sialic acids disappeared at the same time. The areolar trophoblast exhibited some differences from microcotyledonary areas, especially with respect to 2-deoxy, 2-acetamido alpha-galactose and tri/tetraantennary, non-bisected complex N-glycan, suggesting that the differences in function between microcotyledonary and areolar trophoblast are reflected at both the morphological and the biochemical level. Granules of the maternal uterine epithelium bound many lectins, particularly those with specificity for bisected and non-bisected bi/triantennary N-linked glycan, 2-deoxy, 2-acetamido alpha-galactosyl, beta-galactosyl and some fucosylated termini. Binding to sialic acids in alpha2,3- and alpha2,6-linkage was sparse. Maternal and fetal capillaries showed little change in glycan expression over the period studied, being rich in bisected and non-bisected bi/triantennary N-linked glycan and sialic acids, with some terminal N-acetyl galactosamine and no detectable terminal fucosyl residues.