Early white blood cell dynamics after traumatic brain injury: effects on the cerebral microcirculation

Increasing clinical and experimental evidence suggests that traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits an acute inflammatory response. In the present study we investigated whether white blood cells (WBC) are activated in the cerebral microcirculation early after TBI and whether WBC accumulation affects the posttraumatic cerebrovascular response. Twenty-four anesthetized rabbits had chronic cranial windows implanted 3 weeks before experimentation. Animals were divided into four experimental groups and were studied for 7 hours (groups I, IIa, and III) or 2 hours (group IIb). Intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy was used to visualize WBC (rhodamine 6G, intravenously), pial vessel diameters, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity (Na+-fluorescein) at 6 hours (groups I, IIa, and III) or 1 hour (group IIb) after TBI. Group I (n = 5) consisted of sham-operated animals. Groups IIa (n = 7) and IIb (n = 5) received fluid-percussion injury at 1 hour. Group III (n = 7) received fluid-percussion injury and 1 mg/kg anti-adhesion monoclonal antibody (MoAb) "IB4" 5 minutes before injury. Venular WBC sticking, intracranial pressure (ICP), and arterial vessel diameters increased significantly for 6 hours after trauma. IB4 reduced WBC margination and prevented vasodilation. Intracranial pressure was not reduced by treatment with IB4. Blood-brain barrier damage occurred at 1 hour but not at 6 hours after TBI and was independent of WBC activation. This first report using intravital videomicroscopy to study the inflammatory response after TBI reveals upregulated interaction between WBC and cerebral endothelium that can be manipulated pharmacologically. White blood cell activation is associated with pial arteriolar vasodilation. White blood cells do not induce BBB breakdown less than 6 hours after TBI and do not contribute to posttraumatic ICP elevation. The role of WBC more than 6 hours after TBI should be investigated further.     

Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus

The "Spanish" influenza pandemic killed at least 20 million people in 1918-1919, making it the worst infectious pandemic in history. Understanding the origins of the 1918 virus and the basis for its exceptional virulence may aid in the prediction of future influenza pandemics. RNA from a victim of the 1918 pandemic was isolated from a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, lung tissue sample. Nine fragments of viral RNA were sequenced from the coding regions of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, matrix protein 1, and matrix protein 2. The sequences are consistent with a novel H1N1 influenza A virus that belongs to the subgroup of strains that infect humans and swine, not the avian subgroup.     

一种超级电容储能的双向逆变电路及其控制策略

为解决数控机床加工中意外掉电退刀、伺服单元外接制动电阻产生能耗等问题,提出了一种超级电容储能的双向逆变电路,使得伺服系统在突然断电状态下,储能模块能够继续短时地给数控机床系统供电,完成断电回退的功能。该电路可以提供更高的输出电压和占空比,且在应用中可以取消伺服单元外接制动电阻而将制动能量循环利用,同时提出了相应的控制策略。该电路包括Buck/Boost电路、信号采样电路、PWM逻辑控制电路和互锁驱动电路,通过调节两路互为180°的PWM波占空比及充、放电信号来实现升、降压闭环控制,从而完成能量的双向传递。该拓扑简单、高效,性能稳定,以最少的功率器件实现大功率转换及输出。最后,实验波形验证了所提方案的可靠性。     

AR技术在包装上的应用研究

目的 探索AR技术在包装中的应用优势和方向,归纳AR技术包装的一般设计流程及设计应用原则。方法 通过分析AR技术的实现原理、技术特点和现实基础,得出AR技术在包装上的应用优势及功能特性,并结合实际案例总结出AR技术在包装上的一般设计流程及设计应用原则,为AR技术在包装上的实际应用提供理论指引。结论 AR技术包装的功能特性和实际应用集中在包装及产品的多维展示和导购促销,以及于消费者的寓教于乐3个方面,设计流程一般要经过选择AR效果、AR效果的设计实现、提供额外的增值服务、服务的维护和更新4个步骤,在进行AR技术包装的设计应用时需要遵循选择性设计原则、动态互动性设计原则、趣味性设计原则以及便利性设计原则。     

纳米碳化硅改善CPS/PAN相变复合纤维膜的传热速率

以不同质量比例的聚丙烯腈/纳米碳化硅(PAN/SiC)复合纤维膜为支撑材料,以癸酸-棕榈酸-硬脂酸(CPS)三元低共熔物为固-液相变材料,通过物理吸附法制备CPS/PAN/SiC定形相变复合纤维膜。分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和传热测试装置研究不同含量纳米SiC对定形相变复合纤维膜的形貌特征、储热性能、热能储存和释放速率的影响。SEM图像显示负载不同含量纳米SiC对CPS/PAN/SiC定形相变复合纤维膜的形貌结构没有显著影响。DSC测试结果表明随着支撑纤维膜中SiC颗粒含量的增加,定形相变复合纤维膜的相变温度和相变焓值没有明显变化。根据传热测试数据显示随着纳米SiC含量的增加,定形相变复合纤维膜的融化与结晶时间显著缩短了约20%~46%。     

Native protein fluctuations: the conformational-motion temperature and the inverse correlation of protein flexibility with protein stability

We study the fluctuations of native proteins by exact enumeration using the HP lattice model. The model fluctuations increase with temperature. We observe a low-temperature point, below which large fluctuations are frozen out. This prediction is consistent with the observation by Tilton et al. [R. F. Tilton, Jr., J. C. Dewan, and G. A. Petsko, Biochemistry 31, 2469 (1992)], that the thermal motions of ribonuclease A increase sharply above about 200 K. We also explore protein "flexibility" as defined by Debye-Waller-like factors and solvent accessibilities of core residues to hydrogen exchange. We find that proteins having greater stability tend to have fewer large fluctuations, and hence lower flexibilities. If flexibility is necessary for enzyme catalysis, this could explain why proteins from thermophilic organisms, which are exceptionally stable, may be catalytically inactive at normal temperatures.     

基于双符号压力函数的活动轮廓图像分割方法

为了解决测地线模型和CV模型无法同时对弱边界、灰度不均匀图像进行分割的问题,提出一种基于双符号压力函数的活动轮廓图像分割方法。首先,基于图像统计信息定义分割灰度不均匀图像的符号压力函数,基于内部和外部灰度均值给出轮廓曲线内外的全局区域灰度均值的加权组合函数,运用图像全局信息定义分割弱边界图像的符号压力函数;然后,结合统计信息的符号压力函数和全局信息的符号压力函数（简称“双符号压力函数”）,通过增加组合的权值系数,设计新的水平集演化方程;最后,将双符号压力函数引入到二值选择和高斯滤波正则化水平集模型中,构建一种基于双符号压力函数的活动轮廓图像分割算法。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地分割弱边界、灰度不均匀的图像,同时对噪声也有一定的抗干扰性。     

广电智能网络运营平台建设实践

简要介绍江苏有线建设的广电智能网络运营平台,通过模拟DOCSIS机制实现了FTTH与DOCSIS两种不同接入网的端到端自动装维一致性体验。平台将业务开通系统与BOSS、GIS、用户分析系统、终端质量监测系统、工单系统等进行整合,将业务流程逻辑进行梳理规整,通过数据及流程的标准化、规范化实现了不同业务不同网络的全业务统一开通和运维,并实现了网络资源的全程标准化录入管理,为用户大数据综合分析提供了多维度的全流程数据来源,供网格工程师进行精准主动运维、供市场部门进行精准用户分析。     

Fuzzy cost-profit tradeoff model for locating a vehicle inspection station considering regional constraints

Facility location allocation （FLA） is one of the important issues in the logistics and transportation fields. In practice, since customer demands, allocations, and even locations of customers and facilities are usually changing, the FLA problem features uncertainty. To account for this uncertainty, some researchers have addressed the fuzzy profit and cost issues of FLA. However, a decision-maker needs to reach a specific profit, minimizing the cost to target customers. To handle this issue it is essential to propose an effective fuzzy cost-profit tradeoff approach of FLA. Moreover, some regional constraints can greatly influence FLA. By taking a vehicle inspection station as a typical automotive service enterprise example, and combined with the credibility measure of fuzzy set theory, this work presents new fuzzy cost-profit tradeoff FLA models with regional constraints. A hybrid algorithm integrating fuzzy simulation and genetic algorithms （GA） is proposed to solve the proposed models. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the proposed models and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.