Pulmonary carcinoid tumors is tissue and organ culture

Pulmonary carcinoid tumors arise from cells whose function is yet to be defined. Conditions for maintenance of cells of these tumors for prolonged periods of time in tissue and organ cultures were established in order to gain insight into their supposed endocrine activity. We succeeded in growing explants of these tumors in organ culture for as long as 5 months without the cells losing their ability to produce large numbers of neurosecretory-type granules.     

Instructional modeling and the development of visual- and verbal-mediation skills by TMR children

A study-recall paired-associate (PA) learning task administered to 40 TMR children under one of four instructional-modeling conditions: imagery, verbal mediation, imagery and verbal mediation, and a control condition. On one-half of the PA-learning study trials, the children were provided modeled mediating responses (connective pictures and/or sentences) and on the other trials no model was provided. The children's use of mediating responses on study trials was evaluated as was their recall performance. Each instructional-modeling condition resulted in more effective mediator use and better recall than the control condition. Verbal-mediation training was more effective than instruction in the use of visual imagery. Generation of mediators was most apparent when youngsters were first provided with models and then required to generated their own mediating responses. Gains in mediator use and recall were retained over a period of several days.     

Validation of the subcutaneous-jet method of smallpox vaccination

Reactogenic properties and survival of the smallpox vaccine virus in the organism of the vaccinated rabbits were studied for the purpose of experimental substantiation of the subcutaneous-jet method of smallpox vaccination; serological shifts were determined, and also the intensity of the immunity created to the intracerebral and intranasal infection with the pathogenic strain of the causative agent was assessed. The results of experiment were confirmed in revaccination of humans pointing to weak reactogenic properties and high immunological efficacy of the subcutaneous-jet method of smallpox vaccination.     

Does co burn in a fluidized bed?—a detailed chemical kinetic modeling study

One important issue in fluidized bed combustion is the effect of the fluidized particles on the homogeneous oxidation of both the volatiles and CO from char combustion. These surfaces are thought to quench the radicals and thus lower the rate of combustion significantly. In this work the quenching of the radicals is introduced in a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism to model the effect of the solids on the oxidation of CO in the particulate and bubble phases. In this way the effect of particle concentration, particle diameter, temperature, air-to-fuel ratio, and water concentration has been studied. The results do confirm that oxidation rates are significantly reduced in the particulate phase, although no complete suppression was found. In the bubble phase the effect of heterogeneous radical quenching following mass transfer into the particulate phase and also quenching on the solids at a bubble’s surface is small. No critical (minimum) bubble diameter for the ignition of CO in the bubble phase was found under the investigated conditions. A comparison with the literature on the oxidation of CH₄ in an incipiently fluidized bed confirms the predictions for the oxidation of CO.