油-气管道检测机器人技术现状及展望

为提高油-气管道检测的效果,结合国内外典型管道机器人的特点,综合分析了管道机器人运动控制技术、定位技术和实时检测技术3个方面的现状,并指出了核心技术的不足;针对石油化工行业高温带压管道环境,提出管道检测机器人的研究重点为分层模糊神经网络运动控制技术、CCD视觉定位技术、低频电磁定位技术和分层图像分割的优化方法等。为进一步提高化工油-气管道内检测机器人的检测效果提供了理论依据。     

基于阈值分割的松材线虫病树计数与定位

松材病虫病是最紧迫的威胁之一,最近对中国针叶林造成了严重破坏,为了阻止松材病虫病的快速传播,必须在早期准确检测和计数受感染的树木。提出了一种基于密度图的方法,用于从高分辨率航拍图像中估计具有松材病虫病的树木数量,方法引入了阈值分割、形态处理和超像素技术,以最大限度地减少由于建筑物和岩石等相似背景物体引起的误差。实验表明,所提出的方法优于密度学习 算法,平均绝对误差、均方根误差和绝对误差方差分别从21.3、22.2和127.2减少到8.0、11.7和59.6,计数准确率从54.7%提高到81.3%。     

严重事故工况下 M31核电机组应急补水设施可用性研究

国内核电厂吸取福岛事故的经验教训,增加了严重事故后应急补水设施,完善了应急补水的相关功能,进一步提高了核电厂的安全水平.对M 310核电机组严重事故状态下的应急补水设施进行技术分析,分析计算结果表明,应急水源到应急补水泵接入点距离过长,水损过大,实际补水压力及流量无法满足设计要求.针对该问题提出一系列设计改进措施,优化改进后的应急补水设施可保证严重事故工况下M 310核电机组应急补水设施的可用性,从而进一步提高核电机组的安全性.     

Structure, magnetization, and magnetostriction of Sm-R-Fe （R = Pr, Nd） thin films

The structure, magnetization, and magnetostriction of Sm0.9Pr0.1Fex and Sm1-xNdxFel.9 thin films have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and optical cantilever method. It is found that the structure of Sm0.9Pr0.1Fex thin films consists of an Sm-Pr-Fe amorphous phase when x≤2.69 and that of Sm1-xNdxFel.9 thin films consists of an Sm-Nd-Fe amorphous phase. The in-plane magnetization of Sm0.91Pr0.1Fex thin films increases with increase in the Fe content, and low values of the in-plane coercivity occur in the range of 1.62≤ x≤ 2.28. The magnetostriction value of Sm0.91Pr0.1Fex thin films increases with increasing the Fe content when x ≤ 1.94 and decreases when x 〉 1.94. The in-plane magnetostriction of Sm1-xNdxFe1.9 thin films under low magnetic fields has been improved by the substitution of Nd for Sm when x = 0.2.     

Fatigue crack growth resistance of SiC<Subscript>p</Subscript> reinforced Al alloys: Effects of particle size,particle volume fraction,and matrix strength

The main aim of this work was to study the effects of particle size, particle volume fraction, and matrix strength on the long fatigue crack growth resistance of two different grades of Al alloys (Al2124-T1 and Al6061-T1) reinforced with SiC particles. Basically, it was found that an increase in particle volume fraction and particle size increases the fatigue crack growth resistance at near threshold and Paris regimen, with matrix strength having a smaller effect. Near final failure, the stronger and more brittle composites are affected more by static modes of failure as the applied maximum stress intensity factor (K _max) approaches mode I plane strain fracture toughness (K _IC).     

水库水温分层对浮式取水口前流速分布的影响

由于目前缺乏对浮式取水口前流场变化规律的研究,以分析水库水温分层对取水口前各断面流速分布影响为目标,依据某水库水温资料,采用k-ε紊流模型对浮式取水口前流场进行三维数值模拟,针对水库水温均一和水温分层的两种情况,研究取水口前流速分布,分析水库水温分层对取水口前各断面流速分布的影响。研究结果表明,在浮式取水口附近,水温均一和水温分层的流速分布存在着差异,这种差距随着取水流量和淹没深度的增大而减小。研究成果可为浮式管型取水设施的应用和运行提供技术支持,为取水水温预测提供理论依据。     

Characteristics of heavy-oil-in-water emulsions containing produced sand

Heavy-oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions containing produced sand were prepared using commercially available emulsifiers. The emulsions were tested in beakers for emulsion type, quality, and sand-retention characteristics. The apparent viscosities of the o/w emulsions were measured. The effects of polymer addition on the apparent viscosity and sand-carrying capability of the emulsions were also studied. The results of the breaker tests indicate that most emulsifier solutions water-wet the beaker wall and temporarily improve heavy-oil flow characteristics. However, most of the chemicals also water-wet the sand particles and cause sand dropout. The Flothin F2 chemical alone showed stable oil dispersion and, in combination with the Flocon 4800C polymer, showed very good sand-retention, viscosity-reduction, and stable oil-dispersion characteristics.     

基于层面参数等效的碾压混凝土坝渗流场与应力场耦合分析

受施工、龄期、环境及服役期大坝承受的反复静动荷载等多因素影响,坝体和层面出现不同程度的劣化损伤,碾压层本体及层面物理参数呈渐变特性。针对碾压层内力学参数渐变的特性,提出了相应物理参数的等效算法,且给出了耦合性态参数间的数学转换关系,分析坝体应力场与渗流场相互影响机理,据此建立了考虑层内参数渐变的碾压混凝土坝渗流场与应力场耦合分析模型,并编制了相应的有限元分析程序。工程实例分析表明,耦合作用致使大坝的渗流场发生改变,坝体的应力较未耦合时普遍偏大,坝踵处的应力集中显著;渗流场与应力场耦合作用激励下的不利因素可为大坝的设计、施工及安全运行提供参考。     

Effect of Composition and Size of Crystallite on Crystal Phase in Lead Barium Titanate

Lead titanate, barium titanate, and lead barium titanate powders (>99.9% pure), the particle size of which varied from 0.03 to 0.15 μm depending on the calcination temperature and the composition, was prepared from barium lead titanyl oxalate, which was previously prepared by reacting high-purity ammonium titanyl oxalate with barium and lead acetate. The critical crystallite size of BaTiO₃ powder from the cubic to the tetragonal phase is around 1 μm. Pb_0.3Ba_0.7TiO₃ powder with an average size of 0.057 μm showed the tetragonal phase.     

Studies on grafting of acrylic acid onto polypropylene melt‐blown nonwovens induced by electron‐beam preirradiation

We report the graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto the polypropylene (PP) melt‐blown nonwovens induced by electron beam (EB) preirradiation in this article. The occurrence of the graft copolymerization was confirmed by means of XPS, FTIR, and SEM. The effects of preirradiation dose, monomer concentration, bath ratio, reaction time, and temperature on the graft ratio were investigated. The water conservation, water absorption rate, and K⁺ exchange capacity were also determined on the grafted PP melt‐blown nonwovens, which showed that EB preirradiation‐induced grafting was an effective way to improve the hydrophicility of PP melt‐blown nonwovens. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4971–4977, 2006