全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10553篇 |
免费 | 648篇 |
国内免费 | 305篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 383篇 |
综合类 | 376篇 |
化学工业 | 1618篇 |
金属工艺 | 435篇 |
机械仪表 | 423篇 |
建筑科学 | 608篇 |
矿业工程 | 155篇 |
能源动力 | 305篇 |
轻工业 | 541篇 |
水利工程 | 114篇 |
石油天然气 | 286篇 |
武器工业 | 34篇 |
无线电 | 1488篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1315篇 |
冶金工业 | 2149篇 |
原子能技术 | 79篇 |
自动化技术 | 1197篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 114篇 |
2022年 | 194篇 |
2021年 | 314篇 |
2020年 | 189篇 |
2019年 | 192篇 |
2018年 | 253篇 |
2017年 | 253篇 |
2016年 | 261篇 |
2015年 | 255篇 |
2014年 | 386篇 |
2013年 | 555篇 |
2012年 | 498篇 |
2011年 | 618篇 |
2010年 | 550篇 |
2009年 | 517篇 |
2008年 | 572篇 |
2007年 | 456篇 |
2006年 | 467篇 |
2005年 | 336篇 |
2004年 | 297篇 |
2003年 | 306篇 |
2002年 | 272篇 |
2001年 | 229篇 |
2000年 | 216篇 |
1999年 | 273篇 |
1998年 | 826篇 |
1997年 | 495篇 |
1996年 | 366篇 |
1995年 | 246篇 |
1994年 | 192篇 |
1993年 | 201篇 |
1992年 | 75篇 |
1991年 | 64篇 |
1990年 | 54篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 36篇 |
1985年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 26篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 29篇 |
1976年 | 65篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 359 毫秒
71.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of thevetoside (TS), a cardiac glycoside, and an inhibitor of Na+, K(+)-ATPase, on tumor cells cultured in vitro. METHODS: The cytotoxic effects of TS on tumor cells were determined by trypan blue dye exclusion, neutral red vital staining and clonogenic assay. The time-effect relationship and growth inhibition of tumor cells by TS were assayed with trypan blue exclusion method. RESULTS: TS at low doses (0.005-0.1 mg.L-1), with dose dependence, was able to kill SMMC-7721, SGC-7901 and HeLa cells. IC50 values for SMMC-7721, SGC-7901 and HeLa cells were 0.007, 0.011 and 0.018 mg.L-1 by trypan blue dye exclusion test and 0.016, 0.055 and 0.078 mg.L-1 by neutral red vital staining test. TS inhibited the clonal forming rate of SMMC-7721 and SGC-7901 significantly with IC50 values of 0.021 and 0.036 mg.L-1, respectively. Only when the cells were continuously treated with TS for more than 8 hours, the drug-induced cell lethality could be displayed and strengthened quickly. The growth of tumor cells was notably inhibited after they were exposed to 0.1 microgram/ml of TS for 12 hours. All the experimental results of antitumor activity in vitro showed that SMMC-7721 was most sensitive to TS among the three kinds of tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: TS has cytotoxic action on tumor cells cultured in vitro and this lethal effect must have an action process, in which tumor cells are not dead but suffer from deadly injury and lost the capability of unlimited proliferation. 相似文献
72.
Nener B.D. Lai S.T. Faraone L. Nassibian A.G. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》1993,42(5):913-919
A method of directly evaluating the activation energy ΔE, capture cross section σ, and density NT, of deep-level traps from the pulsed reverse bias capacitance transient is described. The main advantages of this technique are that it requires only a single temperature scan, and it can resolve nonexponential transients due to closely-spaced energy levels. The test samples used for this paper consisted of Schottky diodes fabricated on nonirradiated and 1-MeV electron-irradiated n-type VPE (vapor-phase epitaxy) GaAs wafers. The well known EL2 trap was identified with ΔE of 0.81 eV, and σ n of 1.0×10-13 cm2 for the nonirradiated sample. These values were found to be in good agreement with published data using established, conventional DLTS techniques. For the irradiated samples a nonexponential capacitance transient was found in the EL2 range of temperatures. The discussed technique was able to resolve two closely spaced deep levels lying at Ec-0.81 eV and Ec-0.84 eV, and with capture cross sections of 1.5×10-13 cm2 and 2.5×10-12 cm2, respectively 相似文献
73.
74.
BM Sandmaier R Storb KL Bennett FR Appelbaum EB Santos 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,91(9):3494-3502
Primary graft rejection after marrow transplantation occurs more frequently in patients receiving HLA-haploidentical compared with HLA-identical sibling transplants. Both human and experimental animal data suggest that the cells responsible for this phenomenon are either host natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, or both. To investigate the mechanisms of graft rejection, we have developed a canine model of marrow transplantation, which uses DLA-nonidentical unrelated donors in the absence of postgrafting immunosuppression. In this model most animals rejected their marrow grafts after a preparative regimen of 9.2 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). However, engraftment of DLA-nonidentical marrow can be facilitated when the recipients are pretreated with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) S5, which recognizes CD44. In this report, we extended these observations by first cloning the canine CD44 and, next, mapping the epitope recognized by S5, which was located in a region conserved among human and canine CD44 and was distinct from the hyaluronan binding domain. However, in vitro binding of S5 caused a conformational change in CD44, which allowed increased hyaluronan binding. Then, we reexamined the in vivo model of marrow transplantation and compared results with MoAb S5 to those with two other anti-CD44 MoAbs, IM7 and S3. Only MoAb S5 significantly increased the engraftment rate of DLA-nonidentical unrelated marrow, whereas the two other anti-CD44 MoAbs were ineffective. The enhanced in vivo effect was not related to differences in the MoAbs' avidities, since both S5 and IM7 had equivalent binding to CD44, but most likely related to the specific epitope that S5 recognizes. Thus, this study shows that the effect of the anti-CD44 MoAb S5 in facilitating engraftment is epitope specific and if one is to use an anti-CD44 to facilitate engraftment of marrow in humans, one cannot assume that any anti-CD44 would work. 相似文献
75.
Our previous receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study indicated that the detection accuracy of microcalcifications by radiologists is significantly reduced if mammograms are digitized at 0.1 mm x 0.1 mm. Our recent study also showed that detection accuracy by computer decreases as the pixel size increases from 0.035 mm x 0.035 mm. It is evident that very large matrix sizes have to be used for digitizing mammograms in order to preserve the information in the image. Efficient compression techniques will be needed to facilitate communication and archiving of digital mammograms. In this study, we evaluated two compression techniques: full frame discrete cosine transform (DCT) with entropy coding and Laplacian pyramid hierarchical coding (LPHC). The dependence of their efficiency on the compression parameters was investigated. The techniques were compared in terms of the trade-off between the bit rate and the detection accuracy of subtle microcalcifications by an automated detection algorithm. The mean-square errors in the reconstructed images were determined and the visual quality of the error images was examined. It was found that with the LPHC method, the highest compression ratio achieved without a significant degradation in the detectability was 3.6:1. The full frame DCT method with entropy coding provided a higher compression efficiency of 9.6:1 at comparable detection accuracy. The mean-square errors did not correlate with the detection accuracy of the microcalcifications. This study demonstrated the importance of determining the quality of the decompressed images by the specific requirements of the task for which the decompressed images are to be used. Further investigation is needed for selection of optimal compression technique for digital mammograms. 相似文献
76.
77.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of one abrasive cleaner, one non-abrasive cleaner and one non-abrasive alcohol-based cleaner on the lens parameter stability of the NOVALENS. Twenty-four lenses, all NOVALENS material of identical design, were cleaned 100 times each. Eight lenses were cleaned with MiraFlow (CIBA Vision), eight lenses with Optic-Free Daily Cleaner and eight lenses with the Gas Permeable Daily Cleaner (PBH). The base curve radius, center thickness and power were verified immediately before, immediately after and (per manufacturer's recommendation) 4 hours after cleaning at baseline, 25, 50, 75 and 100 cleanings. Lens toricity of approximately 0.50D was found with all three cleaners after 100 cleanings. No change in lens power or center thickness was found. It was concluded that extreme care must be taken in handling the NOVALENS due to the potential of induced warpage. 相似文献
78.
79.
Kuo-Kai Shyu Chiu-Keng Lai Yao-Wen Tsai Ding-I Yang 《Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on》2002,49(3):558-565
A robust controller which is designed by employing variable-structure control and linear-quadratic method is presented for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) position control system. It is to achieve accurate control performance in the presence of plant parameter variation and load disturbance. In addition, it possesses the design flexibility of the conventional state feedback control. It is applied to the position control of a PMSM. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed approach gives a better position response and is robust to parameter variations and load disturbance 相似文献
80.
Jih-Sheng Lai 《Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on》1997,44(1):71-80
This paper summarizes recently developed soft-switching inverters and proposes two possible options for electric propulsion motor drive applications. The newly developed soft-switching inverter employs an auxiliary switch and a resonant inductor per phase to produce a zero voltage across the main switch, so that the main switch can turn-on at the zero-voltage condition. Both the auxiliary switch and the resonant inductor are operating at a fractional duty and, thus, are small in size as compared to the main inverter circuit components. Operation modes in a complete zero-voltage switching cycle for the single-phase soft-switching inverter are described in detail, with graphical explanations. The circuit operation was first verified by a computer simulation, and then further tested with a 1 kW single-phase and a 100 kW three-phase inverter. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to show the superior performance in efficiency improvement, EMI reduction and dv/dt reduction of the proposed soft-switching inverters 相似文献