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91.
Moorhouse C.J. Villarreal F. Wendland J.J. Baker H.J. Hall D.R. Hand D.P. 《Electronics Packaging Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on》2005,28(3):249-258
We report the results of an investigation of the laser-material interaction processes involved in laser drilling of alumina, through the use of an enhanced peak power (2.5 kW) CO/sub 2/ laser and novel temporal pulse formats. Peak power was varied from 30 W to 2 kW for pulses of constant energy to observe the effect produced on scribe depth. High-speed videography of hole formation has been combined with microscopic analysis to investigate the key processes involved in laser processing of alumina. Plasma screening was observed for short, high peak power laser pulses, and optimal scribing was achieved in the weakly plasma absorbing regime. A new processing technique for scribing alumina has been developed, which exploits the fast response of the laser to produce novel temporal pulse shapes, which can be modified to generate cleaner holes. Scribe speeds of up to 280 mm/spl middot/s/sup -1/ were obtained for scribe holes >200 /spl mu/m deep and 150 /spl mu/m apart, with no material plugging the hole, in 0.635-mm-thick 96% alumina. 相似文献
92.
Ras proteins are membrane-associated guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that serve as molecular switches for signal transduction pathways in a diverse array of organisms. Various cellular factors are known to interact with Ras proteins. In order to find the novel cellular factors that are associated with Ras function, we have constructed synthetic lethal mutants of the ras1+ gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and used them to identify the genes that are functionally dependent on the Ras1. We first constructed S. pombe strains in which chromosomal ras1+ gene is placed under the nmt1 promoter that is regulated by thiamine. This strain shows ras1+ phenotype in the absence of thiamine, whereas it shows ras1- phenotype in the presence of thiamine. Second, we mutated the constructed strains with ultraviolet light (UV) and selected two synthetic lethal mutants that could not grow when Ras1 function was repressed (ras1-). One of the mutants, KSC3, showed a swollen cell shape, aberrant deposition of septum materials, and aberrant nuclei. The other mutant, KSC4, showed sensitivity to hyper-osmolarity when Ras1 function is absent. These mutants, however, grow normally when Ras1 is expressed (ras1+). These two novel synthetic lethal mutants of ras1 provide the means to isolate the corresponding genes that function in association with Ras1 in S. pombe. Screening of a genomic library of S. pombe complementing the mutant phenotype allowed us to identify several novel genes associated with Ras1 of S. pombe. 相似文献
93.
Al2O3/Al composites produced by directed melt oxidation using Zn containing external dopants 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Al2O3/Al composites have been produced by the directed melt oxidation of Al with externally applied Zn containing dopants. Zn, ZnO and ZnAl2O4 are all shown to be capable of initiating the directed melt oxidation of Al without any Mg being present. The external surfaces of the reaction products were covered with a layer of ZnO overlaying a layer of ZnAl2O4, however, no Zn was observed within the composite bodies. Doping with ZnO or ZnAl2O4 resulted in a fine, dense ceramic microstructure and the amount of growth increased with increasing firing time and increasing ZnO or ZnAl2O4 content. Doping with Zn resulted in significantly less dense composites to those produced using ZnO or ZnAl2O4 and thus in the Zn system oxide and spinel dopants offer a significant advantage over using metallic Zn. 相似文献
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In this study the desizing, scouring, bleaching and slack mercerising of cotton fabric by a one–step process at different sodium hydroxide concentrations, impregnation temperatures and curing times were examined. The results indicate that when the fabrics are mercerised at lower temperature, the strength retention and colour strength are enhanced. When the sodium hydroxide concentration is increased, these properties also increase. When cotton fabrics are mercerised for 3 min at 40C and cured for 30 s at 120C, their physical properties are similar to those obtained using a conventional two–step approach. 相似文献
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根据濮城西区沙二上2+3油藏层内矛盾突出的地质特点,提出并实施了远井调剖-近井封口的区块深部调剖试验,并将PI决策技术作为深部调剖选井、选剂、定量以及效果评价的理论基础,现场试验结果表明油藏的均质性明显增强,为厚层非均质油藏进入高含水开发提供了有益的借鉴。 相似文献
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