Transient temperature responses of hydronic radiant floor heating system by different pipe embedding depth and water supply condition

"Ondol" is a Korean unique heating system. It is a specific radiant floor heating system using combustion heat of briquette or timber in Korea. Such traditional "Ondol" is changed to radiant heating system with pipe-coil embedded in the floor or slab. This study has contributed to the understandings of the transient behaviours of Ondol-heated floor panels and enclosure exposed to this type of heating system. The result is that the water supply temperature had a large effect on the rate of increase in floor surface and room air temperature. But, in spite of a higher water supply temperature, the heat flow rate was not increased considerably. The shallow pipe embedding depths, of course, result in a low heat flow rate.     

Estimating the Ratio of Composite Ingredients by the Two-Energy Transmission Method

The possibility of measuring the ratio of composite ingredients using the two-energy transmission method has been studied. This technique differs from the known methods by its independence from the specific weight of the tested object. An equation of a measuring instrument with correction for the methodological error is derived. The formulas relating the error in concentration estimates to the errors in the calibration coefficients are presented.__________Translated from Defektoskopiya, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2005, pp. 70–75.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Zabrodskii, Nedavnii, Osipov.     

The effects of physical factors on the quality of the dual high-energy identification of the material of an inspected object

A significance criterion was formulated for the effect of physical factors on the quality of the dual high-energy identification of the material of an inspected object. Some recommendations on its practical application are given. A series of calculations on the estimation of the effects of different physical factors on the quality of identification was performed for an MIB 4.5/7.5 small commercially produced betatron. The considered factors were the deviation of the maximum energy high-energy X-rays from the nominal values, the radiation scattered in an inspected object, and the radiation scattered in the structure of a customs inspection complex. These studies proved the necessity of taking the considered factors into account in the design of customs inspection complexes with the possibility of the dual high-energy identification of the material of an inspected object and its fragments.     

Structure of Cs2O-B2O3 glass and melts: The Raman spectroscopy data

The study continues a series of works of the authors dedicated to the investigation of the alkaliborate glass and melts, in order to determine the structure of samples of the xCs₂O-(100 ? x)B₂O₃ (x ≤ 40 mol %) composition in glassy, supercool, and molten conditions with the high-temperature Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra were analyzed to identify the type of structural units in glass and melts and the variation in structure depending on composition and temperature.     

Identification of differences of user behavior profiles and user class templates

The methods for evaluating the system effectiveness of a user behavior profile are considered. For a class of users united by the same role in an information system, we consider the problem of transition from the general to the personal user behavior adaptive profile. It is formally shown that the profile, taking into account all the peculiarities of the behavior of a particular person, effectively detects anomalous behavior. Experiments performed to identify the characteristics of the profile that are important for use in real applications are additionally realized.     

Formation of a crystallization courtyard in eutectic systems and crystal growth

The so-called crystallization courtyard is investigated that forms in processes of mass crystallization around the Ge and Si crystals and their solid solutions (Ge+Si) during cooling of hypereutectic alloys in the Ge-Al, Si-Al, and (Ge+Si)-Al eutectic systems. For the first time, data on the composition and microhardness of this crystallization courtyard are given and its role is shown as a stopper of cracking in an Al-(Ge,Si) system during rapid cooling after the heating system is turned off. For the first time, it is suggested that a crystallization courtyard forms in all hypereutectic systems (including every system in which the amount of the taken solvent does not correspond to the eutectic point).     

DNA Comet Giemsa Staining for Conventional Bright-Field Microscopy

This study was undertaken to evaluate the compatibility of Giemsa staining protocol with the comet assay. We showed, for the first time, that DNA comets can be visualized and analyzed using Giemsa staining. We generated DNA damage dose response curves for human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to X-ray radiation using the comet assay with either SybrGreen I or Giemsa stain. The dose response curves were fitted by linear regressions (R² > 0.977). The SybrGreen I results showed only ~1.2-fold higher slope coefficient (method sensitivity) compared to the Giemsa results. The unexpectedly high sensitivity of Giemsa staining for the comet assay is due to the Romanowsky-Giemsa effect, the stain photo-stability and the higher resolution of bright-field imaging compared to fluorescence imaging. Our results demonstrate that Giemsa staining can effectively be used for measuring DNA damage by the comet assay. The low cost and availability of Giemsa stain makes this method affordable for any low budget research and will facilitate new applications of the comet assay in biology and medicine.     

Influence of nonlinear amplitude dynamics on estimated delay time of coupling between self-oscillatory systems

The well-known method of estimating the delay time of coupling between self-oscillatory systems on the basis of their time series is based on empirical modeling of the observed phase dynamics by a system of first-order phase oscillators under the assumption that amplitude fluctuations can be ignored. We have studied the applicability of this method in the presence of significant amplitude fluctuations caused by an external noise or the chaotic dynamics of oscillators. Numerical experiments with systems of standard coupled oscillators show that the method under consideration gives incorrect estimations in some situations. A diagnostics of these situations is proposed, and modification of the estimator that eliminates errors is described and justified.