Stress-strain partitioning analysis of constituent phases in dual phase steel based on the modified law of mixture

A more accurate estimation of stress-strain relationships for martensite and ferrite was developed, and the modified law of mixture was used to investigate the stress-strain partitioning of constituent phases in dual phase (DP) steels with two different martensite volume fractions. The results show that there exist great differences in the stress-strain contribution of martensite and ferrite to DP steel. The stress-strain partitioning coefficient is not constant in the whole strain range, but decreases with...     

Bioleaching of chalcocite by mixed microorganisms subjected to mutation

Mixed microorganisms with elevated activity of chalcocite-leaching were screened by mutation methods. The original microorganisms collected from acid mine drainage of different sites were mixed and then treated with mutagens NO₂⁻, diethyl sulfate (DES), UV and their combinations, respectively. Five groups of mixed microorganisms with much stronger ore-leaching ability were obtained by screening on the leaching media. Among them, group E of mixed microorganisms (treated with 1% DES for 60 min) with the best performance on chalcocite-leaching, increases the content of Cu²⁺ by 101.4% in 20 d of leaching compared with the control culture. In addition, group E is more tolerant to Cu²⁺ in media than the control without mutation treatment. Analysis for the diversity of microbial clones indicates that half of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in group E are Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. These observations suggest that group E might have potentials for industrial application. Foundation item: Project(50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2004CB619201) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China     

宁夏沿黄城市带生态规划研究

采用1998—2009年《宁夏统计年鉴》等数据源,建立了生态适宜度指标体系,运用AHP法、专家咨询法和模糊数学对宁夏沿黄城市带可持续发展进行生态规划设计.结果表明,宁夏沿黄城市带生态适宜度为0.29～0.61.据此,运用GIS手段将宁夏沿黄城市带划分为生态协调区、生态引导区、生态控制区、生态敏感区和生态脆弱区5个生态功能区,并进一步提出了不同功能区生态规划设计思路.     

免抹灰施工工艺

免抹灰施工工艺在高层框剪结构中应用越来越广泛,所谓免抹灰就是在混凝土结构施工时,一次成活.在现浇混凝土楼面上不再做细石混凝土找平层或水泥砂浆抹灰层、顶棚及墙饰面亦不再抹灰,而仅在面层批刮腻子.免抹灰的前提就是混凝土结构在施工过程中达到清水混凝土标准.要达到以上要求,施工过程中必须在模板、钢筋、混凝土等细部作法上精益求精.     

AutoLISP语言在建筑给排水CAD中的应用

近年来,在建筑给排水工程设计领域,CAD出图率已经达到100%,论文结合作者从事给排水设计实践和所学课程,提出了基于AutoCAD平台的建筑给排水CAD辅助设计修改方案,本方案已投入实际工程中进行试运行,取得了较好的应用效果.     

双余度高压无刷直流电机有限元分析

针对多电飞机的快速发展,设计了基于270 V的双余度高压无刷直流电机。根据双余度高压无刷直流电机的结构特点,建立了双余度高压无刷直流电机的数学模型,推导了双余度工作时的转矩计算公式。建立了双余度高压无刷直流电机的电磁场模型,并利用magnet对其进行了电磁场仿真,对比分析了单绕组工作时与双余度工作时的反电势、转矩、转速等。并建立了双余度高压无刷直流电机的磁热耦合分析模型,对其双余度工作时的热场进行了仿真。仿真结果表明:双余度高压无刷直流电机在运行过程中,可以达到与单绕组工作时相同的动态特性,转矩为单绕组工作时的2倍,且大大提高了系统的可靠性。     

Effects of irrigation efficiency on chemical transport processes

Irrigation practices greatly affect sustainable agriculture development. In this study, we investigated the effects of irrigation efficiency on water flow and chemical transport in soils, which had significant impact on the environment. Field dye staining experiments were conducted at different soils with various irrigation amount. Image analysis was conducted to study the heterogeneous flow patterns and their relationships with the irrigation efficiency. Irrigation efficiency and its environmental effects were evaluated using various indictors, including application efficiency, deep percolation ratio, storage efficiency, and uniformity. Under the same irrigation condition, soil chemical distributions were more heterogeneous than soil water distributions. The distributions were mainly affected by soil texture, initial soil water content, and irrigation amount. Storage efficiency, irrigation uniformity, and deep percolation ratio increased with irrigation amount. Since the chemical distribution uniformity was lower than the water uniformity, the amount of chemical leaching increased sharply with decrease of irrigation uniformity, which resulted in high environmental risks of groundwater pollution.     

Biodegradability of cellulose fabrics

Biodegradability of cellulose fabrics was evaluated by use of a soil burial test, an activated sewage sludge test, and an enzyme hydrolysis. Surface changes after biodegradation were observed by optical microscopy. From X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), changes in the crystallinities and the internal structures as a result of degradation were also investigated. It was shown that biodegradability decreased in the following order: rayon > cotton ? acetate. Rayon fibers, which have a low crystallinity and a low degree of orientation, showed the highest biodegradability in most cases. However, in spite of its low crystallinity, acetate fibers exhibited very low biodegradability, probably because of the presence of hydrophobic groups in its structure. On the other hand, linen showed an inconsistent behavior in that it had the highest biodegradability in the soil burial test, but a lower biodegradability than that of cotton in the activated sewage sludge test. XRD analysis revealed that there was a slight increase in the crystallinity of linen, cotton, and rayon fabrics at the initial stage, but a continuous decrease thereafter. From the correlation analysis, it was revealed that the biodegradability of cellulose fabrics was closely related to the moisture regain of the fibers, which reflects the hydrophilicity and internal structure of the fibers at the same time. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 248–253, 2004     

Studies of surface and gas reactions in a catalytically stabilized combustor

A numerical investigation of a catalytically stabilized thermal (CST) combustor was conducted for a multichannel catalyst bed, and both the catalyst bed and thermal combustor were simultaneously modeled. The numerical model handled the coupling of the surface and gas reaction in the catalyst bed as well as the gas reaction in the thermal combustor. The behavior of the catalyst bed was investigated at a variety of operating conditions, and location of the flame in the CST combustor was investigated via an analysis of the distribution of CO concentration. Through parametric analyses of the flame position, it was possible to derive a criterion to determine whether the flame is present in the catalyst bed or the thermal combustor for a given inlet condition. The results showed that the maximum inlet temperature at which the flame is located in the thermal combustor increased with increasing inlet velocity.     

Effect of Ba6Ti17O40/BaTiO3 Interface Structure on {111} Twin Formation and Abnormal Grain Growth in BaTiO3

A structural transition of Ba₆Ti₁₇O₄₀/BaTiO₃ interfaces from faceted to rough was induced by reducing oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere. As the oxygen partial pressure decreased, the number densities of {111} twins and abnormal grain decreased. TEM observation showed that the twin formation was governed only by the faceting of the interface. Experimental evidence of {111} twin-assisted abnormal growth of faceted BaTiO₃ grains was also obtained.