Molecular dynamics studies of thin film growth by ionized cluster beam deposition

The mechanism of thin-film growth by ionized cluster beam deposition (ICBD) has been investigated, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the hybrid interatomic potentials which have been developed by combining the embedded-atom-method (EAM) potentials with the screened Coulomb average modified Lenz–Jensen (AMLJ) potential. In order to clarify the conversion mechanism of cluster energy into surface migration energy in ICBD, we have investigated the cluster impact phenomena for Cu₂₀₁ impact on Cu (1 1 1) and Pt (1 1 1) with a cluster energy of 5 eV/atom. For a Cu₂₀₁ impact on a Pt (1 1 1), a half of cluster atoms migrated on the substrate surface with relatively high migration energies. On the other hand, for a Cu₂₀₁ impact on a Cu (1 1 1), most of the cluster atoms are embedded into the substrate, and a small amount of them migrate with small migration energies. In the conversion mechanism of cluster energy into surface migration energy in ICBD, the most important point is whether the high-density zone is formed in the central part of the cluster, above or below the surface.     

Solution‐processed organic TFT array for active‐matrix LCDs on a plastic substrate

Abstract— Organic TFTs (OTFTs) have been developed with a novel solution‐processed gate insulator of poly(4‐vinylphenol) (PVP) with the addition of octadecyltrichloro‐silane (OTS) and a solution‐processed organo‐silver electrode/wire to improve the performance of an OTFT and to maked high‐throughput‐manufacturing process possible. Solution‐processed PVP has also employed for a buffer layer on a plastic substrate. The OTFT backplane with these solution‐based organic‐material technologies has been successfully applied to drive a 2.5‐in. QQVGA (160 × 120 pixels) AMLCD with a resolution of 79 dpi.     

Dual rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in a case of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia

In the medical treatment of facial nerve paralysis a large number of different techniques have been developed to restore the function of the facial nerve. These include (a) the ipsilateral nerve grafting (e.g., partial hypoglossal-facial, spinal accessory-facial, partial glossopharyngeal-facial), (b) crossfacial nerve grafting and (c) temporal muscle flaps or even free muscle transfers. None of these techniques uses the masseteric nerve as a graft for reconstruction of the facial nerve. This preliminary report deals with the anatomical basis, which could lead to a new technique. The masseteric nerve leaves the infratemporal fossa through the mandibular notch, accompanied by the masseteric artery. At this level the nerve consists in nine of 36 cases studied of only one branch (25.0%), in 17 cases of two branches (47.0%), in nine cases of three (25.0%), and in the remaining case of four branches (2.8%). There are three main reasons for considering the masseteric nerve as a possible donor for at least the orbicular branch of the facial nerve: (1) The approach to the mandibular notch is quite simple; (2) since the nerve consists of two or more branches in 75.0% of the cases, severe dysfunction of the masseter muscle should not occur; (3) if there is complete denervation of the masseter muscle, its function may be taken over by the temporalis muscle.     

Mineral matter effects on air-oxidation of cokes from a coking coal

Indigenous mineral matter in coal affects the chemical reactivity of resulting cokes through both catalytic graphitization and catalytic gasification. The significance of both catalytic effects on air-oxidation was examined using cokes from a medium-volatile bituminous coking coal with 9 wt% mineral matter. Catalytic graphitization by mineral matter enhanced the reactivity of the resulting coke in spite of the formation of highly crystalline carbons. This effect, however, was less than that of catalytic gasification by mineral matter. The coke from the acid-treated predemineralized coal exhibited no catalytic effects but was the most reactive. The implications of these results are discussed in detail.     

Mediating and perspective-taking manipulatives: Fostering dynamic perspective-taking by mediating dialogic thinking and bolstering empathy in role-play and reflection for microteaching

International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning - This study examined microteaching using computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) to assist student teachers in...     

A flexible OLED display with an OTFT backplane made by scalable manufacturing process

Abstract— A full‐color top‐emission AMOLED display driven by an organic TFT backplane manufactured using a scalable, lift‐off‐free, and shadow‐mask‐free process has been developed. It was shown that cost‐efficient copper can be used for S/D electrodes. The display has shown no significant degradation over a storage life of more than 10 months and operation over 25 hours during which the display is bent over 10,000 times.     

New n-channel m.o.s.f.e.t.s

By using plasma c.v.d. and lift-off, an n-channel m.o.s.f.e.t. with effective channel length of 0.4 ?m has been fabricated. Its main fabrication processes and obtained electrical characteristics are described.     

Morphology of Oxide Particles Made by the Emulsion Combustion Method

Various oxide powders were prepared by the emulsion combustion method (ECM) using metal precursors, kerosene, and a surfactant. The product particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption, and X-ray diffraction. Hollow γ-Al₂O₃ particles were produced from aluminum nitrate or chloride precursors dispersed in air, whereas dispersion of the precursor emulsion in oxygen resulted in solid α-Al₂O₃ particles. Hollow spheres were obtained also for TiO₂, ZrO₂, and Y₂O₃ by ECM of TiCl₄, zirconium oxynitrate, and yttrium nitrate in aqueous solution. A simple method was developed to predict the thickness and diameter of hollow particles using the nitrogen adsorption data and initial droplet concentration of the ECM spray. The TEM diameter and shell thickness of hollow particles were consistent with those predicted. In contrast, solid particles were formed by ECM for ZnO, Fe₂O₃, CeO₂, and MgO from aqueous solutions of their corresponding nitrates.