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12.
"致密化"是现代城市发展不可回避的趋势。城市新插件与历史环境交融并置将是下一个时代浪潮的重要特征,这将进一步引发关于历史价值与当代性的讨论和思辨。荷兰作为高密度国家典型代表,近十年在建成环境的适应性转型中表现突出。文章通过与荷兰卡恩建筑事务所主持建筑师卡斯·卡恩教授的访谈,深度辨析荷兰建筑师面向复杂历史环境的立场与方法。对话重点聚焦于改造策略、遗产价值与实践经验,以期获得设计介入保护与更新议题的可描摹的研究线索。 相似文献
13.
Jan Bekkering Kor Zwart Gerard Martinus Jort Langerak Jeroen Tideman Tineke van der Meij Kees Alberts Machiel van Steenis Jan-Peter Nap 《国际能源研究杂志》2020,44(3):2264-2277
Power-to-gas technologies are considered to be part of the future energy system, but their viability and applicability need to be assessed. Therefore, models for the viability of farm-scale bio-power-to-methane supply chains to produce green gas were analysed in terms of levelised cost of energy, energy efficiency and saving of greenhouse gas emission. In bio-power-to-methane, hydrogen from electrolysis driven by surplus renewable electricity and carbon dioxide from biogas are converted to methane by microbes in an ex situ trickle-bed reactor. Such bio-methanation could replace the current upgrading of biogas to green gas with membrane technology. Four scenarios were compared: a reference scenario without bio-methanation (A), bio-methanation (B), bio-methanation combined with membrane upgrading (C) and the latter with use of renewable energy only (all-green; D). The reference scenario (A) has the lowest costs for green gas production, but the bio-methanation scenarios (B-D) have higher energy efficiencies and environmental benefits. The higher costs of the bio-methanation scenarios are largely due to electrolysis, whereas the environmental benefits are due to the use of renewable electricity. Only the all-green scenario (D) meets the 2026 EU goal of 80% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but it would require a CO2 price of 200 € t−1 to achieve the levelised cost of energy of 65 €ct Nm−3 of the reference scenario. Inclusion of the intermittency of renewable energy in the scenarios substantially increases the costs. Further greening of the bio-methanation supply chain and how intermittency is best taken into account need further investigation. 相似文献
14.
Toyib Olaniyan Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie Martin Rsli Rajen Naidoo Nino Künzli Kees de Hoogh Bhawoodien Parker Joy Leaner Mohamed Jeebhay 《Indoor air》2019,29(1):89-100
The health impact of indoor air pollution in informal settlement households has not been extensively studied in South Africa. This cross‐sectional study investigated the association between asthma and common indoor exposures among schoolchildren from four informal settlements located in two municipalities in the Western Cape Province. A total of 590 children, aged 9‐11 years, were recruited. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was administered to caregivers. Pulmonary function assessment included spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Phadiatop test for atopy was done. The prevalence of doctor‐diagnosed asthma was 3.4% (n = 20) among whom only 50% were on treatment. The prevalence of current wheeze was 12.9%, and 17.6% had airway obstruction (FEV1 < lower limit of normal), while 10.2% had airway inflammation (FeNO > 35 ppb). In adjusted logistic regression models, dampness, visible mold growth, paraffin use for cooking, and passive smoking were associated with a twofold to threefold increased risk in upper and lower airway outcomes. The strongest association was that of visible mold growth with rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio—aOR 3.37, 95% CI: 1.69‐6.71). Thus, there is a need for improved diagnosis of childhood asthma and Indoor Air Quality in informal settlement households. 相似文献
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16.
Marthen L. Ndoen Kees Gorter Peter Nijkamp Piet Rietveld 《The Annals of Regional Science》2002,36(3):421-436
This paper aims to investigate the entrepreneurial migrants' preferences for a location for business activities in developing
countries. In the modelling framework six socio-economic and six socio-cultural variables are used in this study to investigate
the migrants' propensity to stay at a particular region. The empirical research was carried out in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
It appears that the presence of a supporting informal network is the most critical factor that attracts and keeps the entrepreneurial
migrants in a particular region. Socio-cultural variables like experience and education play a less significant role in the
migrants' decision to stay in a given region.
RID="*"
ID="*" Kees Gorter passed away in October 2001. 相似文献
17.
Edzer Huitema Gerwin Gelinck Bas van der Putten Eugenio Cantatore Karel Kuijk Kees Hart Dago De Leeuw 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2002,10(3):195-202
A 2‐in. active‐matrix display was demonstrated, containing 4096 solution‐processed polymer‐based transistors. By using the polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal display (LCD) effect, this results in a reflective, low‐power display with paper‐like contrast. The influence of the transistor parameters on the display performance is analyzed by use of a model for charging and discharging of the pixel capacitors. Good agreement was obtained between the model and the experimental data. Scaling behavior allows estimation of the performance required for transistors in a quarter‐VGA display. These requirements are met by solution‐processed pentacene transistors. 相似文献
18.
Frido E. Smulders Harry Boer Poul H.K. Hansen Ebbe Gubi Kees Dorst 《Creativity & Innovation Management》2002,11(1):62-73
This paper describes and illustrates different configurations of the interface between new product development and production processes, including both intra–firm and inter–firm interfaces. These configurations are partly based on a process view of product innovation and partly on a structural view of product innovation. In addition to this typology of interfaces some integration mechanisms are described. The typology will serve as a basis for further research aimed at identifying consistent configurations of the different types of integration mechanisms that are available for industry to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of product innovation processes. 相似文献
19.
Emission, fate and effects of soluble silicates (waterglass) in the aquatic environment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
van Dokkum HP Hulskotte IH Kramer KJ Wilmot J 《Environmental science & technology》2004,38(2):515-521
Soluble silicates, commercially known as waterglass, are among the largest volume synthetic chemicals in the world. Silicon from waterglass is rapidly transformed to the biologically active orthosilicic acid (referred to as dissolved silicate). This paper aims to assess the impact of waterglass on the aquatic environment in Western Europe. The emission to surface waters from the four most relevant application areas, household detergents, pulp and paper production, water and wastewater treatment, and soil stabilization, is estimated to be ca. 88-121 kton of SiO2 per year. This is a small fraction (<2%) of the estimated total amount of dissolved silicate transported by rivers to the oceans. Locally, increases in dissolved silicate concentration will decrease the ratios of N:Si and P:Si, which could influence phytoplankton species composition and favor the growth of diatoms over other groups of algae. Significant adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems are not expected. 相似文献
20.
Caroline Hummels Kees C. J. Overbeeke Sietske Klooster 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2007,11(8):677-690
The world is inherently meaningful for us, i.e. we perceive the world in terms of what we can do with it, and by physically
interacting with it we access this meaning and express the meaning. We believe that this is the core reason and foundation
for turning to movement-based interaction. ‘Interaction creates meaning’ does not only hold for users during interaction but
also for designers when generating ideas and developing concepts. Therefore, we postulate that if one truly likes to design
for movement-based interaction, one has to be or become an expert in movement, not just theoretically, by imagination or on
paper, but by doing and experiencing while designing. In order to do so, we believe that designers need design tools, techniques,
knowledge, awareness and skills that support their search for expressive, rich behaviour. Our search for this support resulted
in several methods, tools and knowledge that help designers exploring, visualising and reflecting on interactions. Our developed
methods and tools such as the Design Movement approach with its choreography of interaction, gestural design tools, interactive
installations and interactive tangible sketching, have not only supported and inspired designers to design for movement-based
interaction, but also resulted in surprising, fresh designs in comparison with the limited scope of rather uniform and traditional
electronic consumer products. This paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of our approach. 相似文献