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101.
Kiyoshi Kusabiraki Shigeoki Saji Tomoya Tsutsumi 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1999,30(8):1923-1931
A Ni-18Cr-16Fe-5Nb-3Mo alloy (a modified alloy 718, referred to herein as 718M), in which the γ″ phase is the only precipitation-strengthening phase, was made by substituting most of the aluminum and titanium in INCONEL
718 with niobium. The specimens of alloy 718M were solid-solution heat treated, aged at 1033 to 1073 K for up to 360 ks, and
cold rolled to a reduction of 10 to 15 pct at room temperature. After subsequent annealing heat treatments, at the same temperatures
used for aging, the morphological and structural changes of the γ″ precipitates were investigated by transmission electron microscopic observation using carbon extraction replicas. Although
stacking faults were not noticed in the γ″ precipitates extracted from the aged 718M alloy, stacking faults introduced in the {112}
γ″
planes by cold rolling of the samples were confirmed. The stripelike contrast due to the stacking faults becomes less clear
with increasing annealing time. With longer annealing times, necking occurs between the stripes, which eventually separate
into plural particles. The selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of the cold-rolled and annealed particles show
that the metastable γ″ precipitates with stacking faults are transformed gradually into a stable δ phase. In this article, we discuss the basis of morphological and structural changes in detail.
INCONEL is a trademark of INCO Alloys International, Inc., Huntington, WV. 相似文献
102.
Linhua Liu Toshihiro Isobe Kiyoshi Okada Akira Nakajima 《Materials Research Bulletin》2011,46(2):175-184
The respective influences of calcination, drying methods, and washing conditions on the morphologies, surface properties, and photocatalytic activities of TiO2 powders prepared from acid treatments of BaTiO3 were investigated. Rutile powder was obtained using the treatment under strong acid conditions. It possesses a bundle-like shape and comprises rutile nanorods. After calcination, characteristic voids were observed in the particles. Anatase powder was obtained by adjusting pH values of a BaTiO3 suspension to 2.5-3. Drying at 110 °C engendered the formation of spheroidal anatase, although freeze-dried anatase particles assembled into a flake-like shape. The freeze-dried samples show lower crystallinity. With grafting Cu ions, rutile exhibited better photocatalytic performance for the decomposition of gaseous 2-propanol (IPA) under visible light, although it did not work effectively for anatase. 相似文献
103.
Motoyuki Sugano Hideyoshi Andoh Masafumi Tsubosaka Keiki Tanaka Katsumi Hirano Kiyoshi Mashimo 《Fuel》2009,88(12):2437-2441
It is well known that the amount of waste tyre increases every year, and a numerous amount of waste tyre is landfilled or dumped all over the world, which causes environmental problems, such as destruction of natural places and the risk of fires. Coprocessing waste tyre and coal is considered as one of the effective processing methods of both materials. Upon coprocessing lower rank coal (Wyoming, C; 68%) with waste tyre, the synergistic effects to upgrading, such as the increase of oil yield and the decrease of residue yield, were appeared. However, the synergistic effects were not observed on coprocessing two kinds of higher rank coals with waste tyre. The reactions of coal with benzophenone were carried out to discuss the hydrogen donatability of coal. Conversion of benzophenone to diphenylmethane on the reaction with Wyoming coal was higher than those of higher rank coals. Accordingly, it was considered that the synergistic effects to upgrading upon coprocessing Wyoming coal with waste tyre were obtained owing to the enhancement of stabilization of radicals from tyre and Wyoming coal through the hydrogen donation from both tyre and Wyoming coal. The effects of reaction temperature and the amount of solvent upon coprocessing Wyoming coal with waste tyre were also discussed in this study. 相似文献
104.
Kiyoshi Goto Bernard B. Argent William E. Lee 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1997,80(2):461-471
Microstructural analysis of MgO—MgAl2 O4 refractory bricks corroded at 1400–1450°C by calcium aluminosilicate slag reveals secondary spinel, monticellite, merwinite, and MgO as microscopic corrosion products, generally forming in this sequence as the brick is penetrated. The secondary spinel forms an incomplete layer close to (but not at) the MgO grain. Thermodynamic calculations are used to support a detailed model of the corrosion mechanism. 相似文献
105.
Hideki Hyuga Mark I. Jones Kiyoshi Hirao Yukihiko Yamauchi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2004,87(5):894-899
Si3 N4 /carbon fiber composites have been produced with and without seeding by an extrusion and sintering process. In both cases the carbon fibers were aligned along the direction of extrusion, but the Si3 N4 grains were only aligned in the seeded material. The mechanical properties of the specimens showed anisotropy with respect to the grain alignment, with both strength and toughness being highest in the direction parallel to the extruding direction. In this direction the seeded specimen, where both the Si3 N4 grains and the carbon fibers were aligned, showed both higher fracture toughness and higher fracture strength than the nonseeded specimen where only the fibers were aligned. 相似文献
106.
Takeshi Yanagisawa Takeshi Kojima Tadamasa Koyanagi Kiyoshi Takahisa Kuniomi Nakamura 《Microelectronics Reliability》2002,42(2):219-223
Changes in the characteristics of CuInGaSe2 solar cells in response to light irradiation were investigated. Then these changes, which suggest long-term degradation, were clarified using the measurement technique by feeble light. The thin-film cell of this type is considered to be “ever stable”. A stable result over the short term was also obtained in the light accelerated test of 2-SUN performed in this experiment. On the other hand, it was found that the characteristics measured with feeble light show a remarkable change over time. As a result of measuring at 0.065–105 mW/cm2 light intensity, the change rate of cell output power was so intense the measurement light was weak. This finding reflects the increase in an internal defect and suggests a possibility that light irradiation exerts the influence on long-term cell performance. Moreover, by measuring with feeble light, we found that the changed output recovers by reverse voltage application. The phenomenon of recovery up on comparatively low reverse voltage can be considered as an application for maintaining stability. 相似文献
107.
Hiroshi Kawanabe Kiyoshi Kawasaki Toshio Seno Chihiro Kondo Masahiro Shioji 《亚洲传热研究》2007,36(5):303-313
The flow and mixing process of unsteady jets are fundamentally analyzed by large eddy simulations. The effects of nozzle velocity and turbulence intensity on the turbulent eddy structure and mixing process between the nozzle fluid and ambient fluid were investigated. The results show that a toroidal‐shaped vortex, which emerges around the jet tip, primarily accelerates the entraining flow. Also, increasing the turbulence intensity in the nozzle encourages mixing in the jet without changing the jet‐contour. Furthermore, when the rise‐up time of the initial nozzle velocity is elongated, turbulent mixing is suppressed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(5): 303–313, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20158 相似文献
108.
Toshihiro Isobe Yoshikazu Kameshima Akira Nakajima Kiyoshi Okada Yuji Hotta 《Journal of Porous Materials》2006,13(3):269-273
The effect of additives on paste rheology was investigated for preparation of porous ceramics with unidirectionally aligned
cylindrical pores. Ammonium poly-carboxylic acid (APA) used as a dispersant and it was adsorbed on alumina powder surface.
The adsorption isotherm of APA was fitted by Langmuir equation. The saturated monolayer adsorption was 5.9 mg/g. The apparent
viscosity became a minimum at 0.8 mass % of APA corresponding to 71.2 mPa⋅s. This APA amount of 5.6 mg/g, is in good agreement
with the observed APA amount. Since the nylon 66 fibers (0–35 vol. %) mixed with the alumina powder have a strong interaction
with each other, they became twisted and agglomerated. This agglomeration increased with increasing fiber content but decreased
by adding oleic acid. The pastes with added oleic acid were capable of being extruded at higher pressure. The obtained porous
alumina ceramics showed highly oriented cylindrical pores parallel to the extrusion direction. The pore orientation was higher
in the oleic acid added pastes than those without oleic acid. The added nylon 66 fibers are mostly converted to pores while
maintaining the original shape after sintering. The pore size distribution of the obtained porous ceramics measured by mercury
porosimetry method showed a peak at about 4 μm which is apparently smaller than that observed in the SEM photographs and the
obtained result is considered to be corresponding to the necks formed by fiber contacts. 相似文献
109.
School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27706. The status of wafer bonding technology especially for
silicon-on-insulator (SOI) materials is reviewed. General advantages of wafer bonding as well as specific problems of wafer
bonding, such as interface bubble formation, and solutions for these problems are discussed. The specific requirements for
SOI materials in terms of SOI layer thickness and the appropriate thinning procedures are dealt with. Interface properties
such as bonding strength and electrical properties are also reviewed. Various device results are mentioned. 相似文献
110.
Hisato Okuda Kazuhisa Katayama Xiaojun Wang Katsumi Masugata Kiyoshi Yatsui 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》1991,111(4):46-51
Experimental studies have been carried out on triggering characteristics of the SF6 discharge gap switch by use of XeCl excimer laser (wavelength = 308 nm). First, laser irradiation characteristics are studied on a pure SF6 in the pressure range of p = 160 ~ 3,800 torr. Using a lens of f (focal length) = 133 mm, the laser is irradiated into the gas, where the energy absorption is studied. If the laser is injected into the gas with the energy above a certain threshold for the breakdown, the rate of energy absorption is found to be ~ 17 percent of the incident energy at p > 760 torr. Injecting the laser into the SF6-filled gap switch (gap length = 7 mm, p = 760 torr), we have studied the triggering characteristics. Excellent triggering characteristics were obtained; delay time for the discharge ~ 20 ns, and the jitter ~ 260 ps when the gap voltage is operated at 99 percent of the self-breakdown voltage. In addition, the triggering characteristics are studied by changing the focusing point axially. It is found that both the delay time and the jitter decrease when the focusing point tends to approach the high-voltage electrodes. 相似文献