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排序方式: 共有1172条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Shinji Fukuda Kazuhiko Shimada Noriya Izu Hiroyuki Miyazaki Shoji Iwakiri Kiyoshi Hirao 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2018,29(14):11688-11698
We observed crack generation and structural changes in electroless nickel–phosphorus (Ni–P) plating layers formed on copper-metalized silicon nitride substrates both during thermal cycling from ? 40 to 250 °C and during storage (not cycling) at 250 °C in order to investigate the effect of the phosphorus contents on crack generation and growth in the Ni–P platings. The used platings contained phosphorus at three different contents: 2.1 wt% [Ni–P(low)], 6.5 wt% [Ni–P(med)], and 10.9 wt% [Ni–P(high)]. The generation time and the amount of cracks were strongly dependent on their phosphorus contents. More cracks appeared after thermal cycling than after storage at 250 °C. In Ni–P(low), cracks were generated after 200 thermal cycles, whereas no cracks were observed even after 250 h of storage at 250 °C. In Ni–P(med) and Ni–P(high), both during thermal cycling and storage at 250 °C, cracks formed during or after crystallization of the amorphous layers. These results suggest that the primary factors affecting the generation of cracks in electroless Ni–P platings are crystallization of the Ni–P platings and repeated changes in thermal stress. 相似文献
32.
Research and Development of the Coprecipitation Process for Lanthanum Germanate Oxyapatite 下载免费PDF全文
Kiyoshi Kobayashi Shouta Kitajima Yukihito Igarashi Tohru Higuchi Yoshio Sakka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2015,98(1):66-70
Although lanthanum germanate oxyapatite (La–Ge–O) has shown good potential for use as a solid electrolyte in energy storage applications, its synthesis has been challenging by either solid‐ or solution‐state methods. In this study, a new synthesis of La–Ge–O was developed through a coprecipitation technique, in which a highly concentrated homogeneous aqueous solution of La and Ge was prepared from aqueous ammonium germanate and lanthanum nitrate solutions with the addition of dilute nitric acid. Several precipitates were formed by pH manipulation, including an amorphous material obtained at pH > 3. Compared to the individual precipitation behaviors of the parent compounds, the amorphous precipitate was formed only from the aqueous two‐component mixture, and appeared to contain both metals. This material was transformed into crystalline mixtures upon heating at 1273 K. The crystalline phases were La2Ge3O9 and hexagonal‐type GeO2 when the precipitate was formed below pH 8, and the La–Ge–O and La2Ge2O7 phases when the precipitate was formed around pH 8. Product formation from the coprecipitate was discussed based on X‐ray diffraction and thermal analyses. The improved availability of La–Ge–O will allow more extensive investigations of its useful properties. 相似文献
33.
The soft texture of the pizza crust rim is generated by baking at a high temperature for a short period in a stone oven. In the case of baking in an electric oven, the pizza dough is baked at a much lower temperature and for a longer period, resulting in a harder texture. To improve the texture of electric oven-baked pizza crust, the effects of water and gelatinized starch on the viscoelasticity of pizza dough and the texture of pizza crust were investigated. Rheological properties (storage modulus, loss modulus, and yield stress) of pizza dough decreased with an increase in water content. When wheat flour in the dough was partially replaced with pre-gelatinized wheat starch, the rheological properties of the dough were maintained even at a high-water content. These results indicate that water-enriched dough can be prepared with gelatinized starch and baked using an electric oven. There was no significant difference in apparent density between the conventional and modified pizza crusts. Water content of the crumb part of the modified crust was significantly higher than that of the conventional crust. Texture analysis revealed that the modified pizza crust showed significantly lower stress at high strain than the conventional crust. In addition, sensory evaluation showed that the modified pizza crust exhibited greater firmness and stickiness than the conventional crust, which was attributed to the increased water content with gelatinized starch of the dough. 相似文献
34.
Kiyoshi Oguchi Kohei Sanui Naoya Ogata Yoichi Takahashi Tomihiro Nakada 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1989,29(6):353-358
Acetalized poly(vinyl alcohol)s which were synthesized from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and aldehyde or ketone were evaluated as electron beam (EB) resists, in order to investigate the relationship between EB sensitivity and chemical structures of the polymers. It was found that the acetalized PVAs were easily crosslinked by EB exposure. The main mechanism of crosslinking may be radical reaction at acetal group. The sensitivity of the acetalized PVA depended on the structure of the acetal group. Acetalized PVAs synthesized from benzaldehyde, in which the electron attracting group was substituted on the benzene ring and from linear aliphatic aldehyde having a long alkyl chain, had high sensitivity. A high sensitivity of 7.2 × 10−7 C/cm2 was attained when the acetalized PVA synthesized from p-chloro-benzaldehyde was used. Acetalized PVAs synthesized from PVA and aldehyde having a cyclic structure had an excellent dry etching durability and were suitable as negative EB resists. 相似文献
35.
Ko Ikeda Yoshinori Nakamura Kiyoshi Masumoto Hiromi Shima 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1997,80(10):2672-2676
Unpolarized optical spectra were measured in the wavelength range 322–1666 nm by the diffuse reflection technique from spinel powders synthesized in the system MgAl2 O4 –MgCr2 O4 . The spectra were interpreted by the crystal-field theory on the basis of trigonally distorted spinel octahedra with D3d symmetry. For chromium-rich solid solutions, including the MgCr2 O4 end-member, results after peak fittings showed octahedral D3d local symmetry around Cr3+ ions, identical to the crystallographic site symmetry. For chromium-poor solid solutions, however, octahedral C3v local symmetry was suggested around Cr3+ ions, different from the D3d crystallographically expected. 相似文献
36.
Kazuto Takashima Rei Shimomura Takayuki Kitou Hiroki Terada Kiyoshi Yoshinaka Ken Ikeuchi 《Tribology International》2007,40(2):319
Therapeutic vascular catheterization techniques are sometimes hampered by the frictional forces between the blood vessel and the catheter, when contact points of the vessel are changing and deforming during the movement of the catheter. The goal of the present study was to characterize frictional interactions between the blood vessel wall and the catheter using experimental and numerical analysis. First, the frictional force was measured with an experimental apparatus that uses a ball and flattened porcine aorta to simulate frictional forces between the catheter and the vessel. Second, catheter motion was characterized by two-dimensional numerical calculations based on the experimental results. Experimental analysis demonstrated that slip occurred and that friction coefficient between the vessel and the catheter and the deformation of the specimen were small when the contact between the ball and the aorta occurred at a small angle. The compliance of the specimen in the normal direction obtained by the experiment was by far larger than that calculated according to the Hertzian contact theory. Numerical analysis shows that this difference of the parameter of the vessel, which must be determined accurately in surgical simulator, could affect the trajectory of the catheter. 相似文献
37.
Masaaki Haneda Ohki Houshito Hiromitsu Takagi Kiyoshi Shinoda Yuunosuke Nakahara Kazumi Hiroe Tadahiro Fujitani Hideaki Hamada 《Topics in Catalysis》2009,52(13-20):1868-1872
The activity of Rh/CeO2 for NO reduction by C3H6 was gradually deceased by mixing with ZrO2 until 68 mol%. Rh supported on CeO2–ZrO2 with higher OSC was found to show lower catalytic activity. High OSC of CeO2–ZrO2 would probably stabilize the surface of Rh in oxidized state, resulting in low activity and low efficiency of C3H6 utilization for NO reduction. In situ FT-IR spectroscopy suggested that mononitrosyl species such as Rh(NO)δ? and Rh(NO)δ+ are reaction intermediates in the NO–C3H6–O2 reaction over Rh/CeO2–ZrO2 catalysts. 相似文献
38.
Tamotsu Tanaka Kouji Ikita Tetsuji Ashida Yoshiaki Motoyama Yasunori Yamaguchi Kiyoshi Satouchi 《Lipids》1996,31(11):1173-1178
The effects of growth temperature on the fatty acid compositions of the phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine
(PE), and total lipid (TL) fractions of the free-living nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans were investigated. A reduction in growth temperature from 25 to 15°C caused the proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5n-3)
to increase from 23.6 to 32.5% in the PC, from 7.4 to 10.8% in the PE, and from 12.9 to 19.9% in the TL fractions. Conversely,
the levels of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20∶3n-6) and arachidonic acid (20∶4n-6) in these phospholipid fractions and the TL
fraction both decreased with decreasing growth temperature. Analysis of the positional distribution of fatty acids in the
PC fraction revealed that the change in the composition of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid was obvious in positionsn-2. Lowering the growth temperature induced an increase in the level of the diacyl subclass of PE from 58% at 25°C to 71%
at 15°C, with a concomitant decrease in the levels of the alkylacyl and alkenylacyl subclass of PE ofC. elegans. These changes observed in the phospholipids ofC. elegans might be one mechanism for adaptation to low temperature. Lipids 31, 1173–1178 (1996). 相似文献
39.
You Zhou Tatsuki Ohji Hideki Hyuga Yu‐ichi Yoshizawa Norimitsu Murayama Kiyoshi Hirao 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2014,11(5):872-882
Silicon nitride ceramics were prepared from a high‐purity silicon powder doped with 2 mol% Y2O3 and 5 mol% MgO as sintering additives via a route of sintering of reaction‐bonded silicon nitride (SRBSN). The materials sintered at 1900°C for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h had thermal conductivities of 109, 125, 146, and 154 W/m/K, and four‐point bending strengths of 786, 676, 608, and 505 MPa, respectively. The fracture toughness values, determined by the single‐edge‐precracked‐beam (SEPB) method, were 8.4, 8.6, 9.7, and 10.7 MPa m1/2 for the materials sintered for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively, which were similar to the results measured by the chevron‐notched‐beam (CNB) test method. The materials sintered for longer times (12 and 24 h) showed stronger R‐curve behaviors over longer range of crack extension, in comparison with the materials sintered for shorter times (3 and 6 h). 相似文献
40.
Saka M Iijima K Nishida M Koma Y Hasegawa N Sato K Kato Y 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2008,49(3):160-167
The effects of processing and cooking on the levels of pesticide residues in soybean samples were investigated for 14 pesticides in pre-harvest samples. On soaking, the transfer ratios (%, total pesticide residue amount in product/that in soybean) of soaked soybean were greater than 60% for most of the pesticides investigated. The transfer ratio of soymilk ranged from 37% to 92%, and that of tofu ranged from 7% to 63%. The processing factor (Pf, the concentration (mg/kg) of pesticide in product/that in soybean) of tofu ranged from 0.026 to 0.28. These values varied among pesticides. There was a high correlation between the log P(ow) and the transfer ratio of tofu. The test described here should be useful to obtain the transfer ratios of pesticide residues in processing and/or cooking steps. 相似文献