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41.
Thermochemical analyses of interfacial reactions in titanium, zirconium, and hafnium diboride reinforced oxidematrix composites have been carried out to evaluate the chemical compatibility. The chemical reactivity of these diborides with oxygen and the high volatility of B2 O3 ( l ) at reduced oxygen pressures are concerns during processing and operating conditions. The thermochemical stability and the vaporization behavior of B2 O3 ( l ) are discussed in terms of partial pressures of dominant gaseous species of the boron-oxygen system at 1700 and 2300 K. The TiB2 /ZrO2 and TiB2 /HfO2 systems are thermodynamically stable in a limited oxygen pressure range. The TiB2 /Al2 O3 system is stable, but the reactions in this system may apparently be accompanied by formation of gaseous products (B2 O3 , AlO, Al2 O, and lower boron oxides) in the presence of elemental oxygen. These thermochemical considerations are very useful in evaluating the effectiveness of oxides as diffusion barrier coatings on diboride reinforcements. 相似文献
42.
P. K. Khare J. M. Keller M. S. Gaur Ranjeet Singh S. C. Datt 《Polymer International》1994,35(4):337-343
The electrical conductivity of solution-grown ethyl cellulose (EC) films, 5–30 μm thick, has been studied in the sandwich configuration (metal–EC–metal) as a function of iodine concentration from 0.5 to 5.0 wt% ratio. The studies were conducted in the temperature range 333–383 K, while the field was varied over the range (3.0–5.5) × 104V/cm. Aluminium was used as the lower electrode, while the upper electrode was of Al, Ag, Cu, Au or Sn. Certain transient effects such as a large burst of current immediately after the application of field were observed. An attempt was made to identify the nature of the current by comparing the observed dependence on electric field, electrode material and temperature with the respective characteristic features of the existing theories of electrical conduction. The results show that the electrical conduction follows Ohm's law at lower fields, while at higher fields, space-charge limited current (SCLC) was observed. It was also found that Richardson–Schottky emission was responsible, to some extent, for the transport of charge carriers in the polymer. The conductivity of the films increased on doping with iodine. The dopant molecules are considered to act as additional trapping centes and provide links between the polymer molecules in the amorphous region, thus resulting in the formation of charge transfer complexes. 相似文献
43.
Evidence is presented showing that body fat distribution as measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is correlated with youthfulness, reproductive endocrinologic status, and long-term health risk in women. Three studies show that men judge women with low WHR as attractive. Study 1 documents that minor changes in WHRs of Miss America winners and Playboy playmates have occurred over the past 30–60 yrs. Study 2 shows that college-age men find female figures with low WHR more attractive, healthier, and of greater reproductive value than figures with a higher WHR. In Study 3, 25- to 85-yr-old men were found to prefer female figures with lower WHR and assign them higher ratings of attractiveness and reproductive potential. It is suggested that WHR represents an important bodily feature associated with physical attractiveness as well as with health and reproductive potential. A hypothesis is proposed to explain how WHR influences female attractiveness and its role in mate selection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
44.
Girendra N. Kulsrestha Uma Shankar Jaipal S. Sharma Jasvinder Singh 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1991,50(1):57-65
Liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexane with Co(III) catalyst and gaseous oxygen was found to be influenced by reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and the duration. Maximum adipic acid product selectivity (77%) with about 85% cyclohexane conversion was attained at 100°C using catalyst: cyclohexane molar ratio 0·08. Under these conditions more than 80% cyclohexane was converted in the first hour, although selectivity to adipic acid continued to increase for the next 5 h. Cyclohexyl acetate and cyclohexyl monoadipate were identified as important intermediates. This study supports the mechanism proposed by Schultz, J. G. D. and Opchenko, A., J. Org. Chem., 38 (21) (1973) 3729. 相似文献
45.
J. Singh 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》1986,12(6):851-866
Glibenclamide has limited gastrointestinal absorption. Therefore, different concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate and tweenR80 were included into the tablet formulations to increase the absorption of the drug and hence, to enhance the BSL lowering in rabbits and human volunteers suffering from maturity onset diabetes mellitus. It was found that the surfactants had enhanced both the rate and extent of BSL lowering in rabbits as well as in diabetic patients in higher concentrations present in the tablet formulations. 相似文献
46.
Narendra Singh Shah & Nirankar Nath 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2006,41(9):1073-1081
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruits are very susceptible to pericarp browning which adversely affects consumer acceptability even though the aril portion remains in excellent condition. Litchi arils (litchis) were treated with a solution containing 0–2% (w/v) calcium lactate (CL), 0–0.02% (w/v) 4‐hexyl resorcinol (4‐HR) and 1% potassium sorbate. The pH of solution was adjusted to 4.0 with citric acid. Treated litchis were packed in polystyrene trays, over‐wrapped with polypropylene film, vacuum‐packed (0, 47409.3, 94831.9 Pa) and stored at 4 ± 2 °C. Drip losses, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), sensory attributes and microbiological quality of stored samples were estimated. A four‐factor, three‐level experimental design (D6 Hokes design) with 19 experiments was chosen. Mathematical models were developed to analyse and predict the effect of CL, 4‐HR, in‐package vacuum and storage time on the responses. TSS, pH and sensory scores decreased significantly (P 0.01), whereas drip losses and microbial count increased significantly (P 0.01) with time. Drip loss was significantly (P 0.1) reduced by addition of CL. 4‐HR prevented browning and changes in colour score during storage were significantly less. Vacuum in packages exerted significant (P 0.01) effect over pH, TSS, sensory and microbiological qualities of minimally processed litchis. 相似文献
47.
The degradation behaviour of Kodar [poly(1,4-cyclohexylene dimethyl-eneterephthalate)] was investigated in air using thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and wide angle X-ray diffraction studies. The rates of crystallization and degradation were influenced by thermal exposure and polychromatic irradiation (Λ > 290 nm) for different time intervals. The crystallinity changes (Xc%) and activation energies (ΔE) for the systems have been determined. 相似文献
48.
1,3,5‐Triglyceratetriazine [first tier (G1)] and tri(1,3,5‐triglycerate) triazine [second tier (G2)] dendrimers were prepared with 1,3,5‐trichlorotriazine and sodium glycerate in a 1 : 3 mass ratio in an ethanolic medium.G1 and G2 were amorphous, white, solid substances. Their structures were elucidated with IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR, and their thermal stability was studied with thermogravimetric analysis. The activation energy was calculated with the Freeman–Carroll model. Densities, viscosities, and surface tensions for 0.01–0.08 mol/kg aqueous solutions increased at 0.01 mol/kg for sodium glycerate, 1,3,5‐trichlorotriazine, 1,3,5‐triazine triglycerate chloride, G1, and G2. These values were measured at 298.15 K. The apparent molal volume, reduced viscosity, and inherent viscosity were calculated from the densities and viscosities, respectively. The data were regressed for the limiting densities, limiting apparent molal volumes, intrinsic viscosities, limiting inherent viscosities, and limiting surface tensions for solute–solvent interactions. The positive limiting apparent molal volume values were noted in the order of G2 > 1,3,5‐triazine triglycerate chloride > G1 > 1,3,5‐trichlorotriazine > sodium glycerate, with weaker hydrophilic intermolecular interactions of G2. The higher intrinsic viscosity and limiting inherent viscosity values for G2 implied stronger G2–H2O hydrophilic interactions, and the higher limiting apparent molal volume of G2 indicated slightly higher dynamic conformational changes in comparison with G1, with stronger structural activities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
49.
Instrumental characterization of clay by XRF,XRD and FTIR 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Instrumental characterizations of the clay were performed by different techniques such as XRF, XRD and FTIR. XRF shows the
chemical compositions of the clay where Al-oxide and silica oxide are present in major quantity whereas XRD confirms the presence
of these minerals in clay. FTIR studies show the presence of quartz, alumina, haematite and different mineral matters. 相似文献
50.
C. D. Singh S. K. Dhua M. Kumar A. K. Jha T. Mrinal K. Sharma R. R. Abhyuday Y. Kumar 《Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention》2007,7(4):292-301
A concentric reducer tube, which was a part of the top exit roughing hydraulic descaler in a hot strip mill failed prematurely
under working pressure. A detailed metallurgical investigation comprising physical examination, optical microscopy, scanning
electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis was carried out to find out the genesis of the failure. Physical examination
revealed cracks located symmetrically around the circumference of the tube that ran along its full length, up to the weld
beads at both ends. Optical microscopy of etched samples revealed a banded ferrite-pearlite structure and the existence of
forging folds near the change-in-section(160° fillets). Cracks were found to initiate from these forging folds. No structural
abnormalities were found in the weld beads and heat-affected zones. 相似文献