Pyrene Tags for the Detection of Carbohydrates by Label-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry**

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is widely used for the analysis of biomolecules. Label-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (LALDI-MS) is a matrix-free variant of MALDI-MS, in which only analytes covalently attached to a laser desorption/ionisation (LDI) enhancer are detected. LALDI-MS has shown promise in overcoming the limitations of MALDI-MS in terms of sample preparation and MS analysis. In this work, we have developed a series of pyrene-based LDI reagents (LALDI tags) that can be used for labelling and LALDI-MS analysis of reducing carbohydrates from complex (biological) samples without the need for additional chemical derivatisation or purification. We have systematically explored the suitability of four pyrene-based LDI enhancers and three aldehyde-reactive handles, optimised sample preparation, and demonstrated the use of LALDI tags for the detection of lactose. We have also exemplified the potential of LALDI tags for labelling carbohydrates in biological samples by direct detection of lactose in cow's milk. These results demonstrate that LALDI-MS is a promising technique for the analysis of reducing carbohydrates in biological samples, and pave the way for the development of LALDI-MS for glycomics and diagnostics.     

A finite element quasi-Eulerian method for three-dimensional fluid-structure interactions

A quasi-Eulerian approach is used in the development of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic finite element. With this approach the motion of the computing grid may be different from the motion of the material. Within each element the field variables are represented by trilinear interpolation functions and the pressure field is assumed to be constant. This leads to a set of simple relations for internal nodal forces that are easily coded and computationally efficient. Because the formulation is based upon a rate approach it is applicable to problems involving large displacements. The technique of degeneration is applied to the hexahedron to generate a pentahedral element. The use of the hour-glass dissipating nodal-forces for mesh stabilization is discussed. The procedure used to couple the fluid and structural domains of a problem is presented. The above method is applied to a three-dimensional, fluid-structure interaction problem in the area of reactor safety.     

Comminution of rapidly quenched powders

Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 2(314), pp. 13–17, February, 1989.     

Electrically Heatable Graphene Aerogels as Nanoparticle Supports in Adsorptive Desulfurization and High‐Pressure CO2 Capture

Reduced‐graphene‐oxide (rGO) aerogels provide highly stabilising, multifunctional, porous supports for hydrotalcite‐derived nanoparticles, such as MgAl‐mixed‐metal‐oxides (MgAl‐MMO), in two commercially important sorption applications. Aerogel‐supported MgAl‐MMO nanoparticles show remarkable enhancements in adsorptive desulfurization performance compared to unsupported nanoparticle powders, including substantial increases in organosulfur uptake capacity (>100% increase), sorption kinetics (>30‐fold), and nanoparticle regeneration stability (>3 times). Enhancements in organosulfur capacity are also observed for aerogel‐supported NiAl‐ and CuAl‐metal‐nanoparticles. Importantly, the electrical conductivity of the rGO aerogel network adds completely new functionality by enabling accurate and stable nanoparticle temperature control via direct electrical heating of the graphitic support. Support‐mediated resistive heating allows for thermal nanoparticle recycling at much faster heating rates (>700 °C?min^?1) and substantially reduced energy consumption, compared to conventional, external heating. For the first time, the CO₂ adsorption performance of MgAl‐MMO/rGO hybrid aerogels is assessed under elevated‐temperature and high‐CO₂‐pressure conditions relevant for pre‐combustion carbon capture and hydrogen generation technologies. The total CO₂ capacity of the aerogel‐supported MgAl‐MMO nanoparticles is more than double that of the unsupported nanoparticles and reaches 2.36 mmol·CO₂ g^?1 ads (at p_CO2 = 8 bar, T = 300 °C), outperforming other high‐pressure CO₂ adsorbents.     

Theoretical Fundamentals of the Wear Formation and the Wear Resistance Management in Printing

In the article, the types of wear characteristic of various printing objects such as printing machines and printing products are described. A formula is proposed that considers various mechanism and factors of the wear, the properties of the materials and environments, and the parameters that determine the wear. The factors that cause the wear of the printing objects are established.     

A complete cellular manufacturing system design methodology based on axiomatic design principles

This paper provides a framework and a road map for people who are ready to transform their traditional production system from process orientation to cellular orientation, based on Axiomatic Design (AD) principles. A feedback mechanism for continuous improvement is also suggested for evaluating and improving the cellular design against pre-selected performance criteria. A complete implementation of the proposed methodology at a manufacturing company and resulting performance improvements are also provided.     

Testing Uniaxial Stresses in Steels with Allowance for Their Magnetoelastic Sensitivity

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing - The magnetoelastic demagnetization of a number of steels in the delivery condition under longitudinal elastic tension, transverse compression, and impact...     

Strength and Corrosion-Fatigue Crack-Growth Resistance of Alloys of the Ti–Nb–Zr–Si System Intended for Biomedical Purposes

Materials Science - We study the influence of the chemical composition and the conditions of thermomechanical and thermal treatments on the structural strength determined by the characteristics of...     

Numerical modeling of concrete under thermal loads

The formulation needed for the conductance of heat by means of explicit integration is presented. The implementation of these expressions into a transient structural code, which is also based on explicit temporal integration, is described. Comparisons of theoretical results with code predictions are given both for one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems. The coupled thermal and structural solution of a concrete crucible subjected to a sudden temperature increase predicts the history of cracking. The extent of cracking is compared with experimental data.     

Dynamic structural response of LMFBR head closures to hypothetical core disruptive accidents

Presented here is an investigation of the dynamic structural response of the primary vessel's head closure to a hypothetical core disruptive accident (HCDA). Two head-closure designs were considered: the first represents a loop-type design and the second represents a pool-type design. Using representative configurations of liquid metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBR), independent models were used (1) to derive loading pressure histories and (2) to study the structural response of the head closures. Results for loading pressures, displacement histories, deformed profiles, stress magnitudes and plastically deformed regions are presented.