The Epithelial Cell Leak Pathway

The epithelial cell tight junction structure is the site of the transepithelial movement of solutes and water between epithelial cells (paracellular permeability). Paracellular permeability can be divided into two distinct pathways, the Pore Pathway mediating the movement of small ions and solutes and the Leak Pathway mediating the movement of large solutes. Claudin proteins form the basic paracellular permeability barrier and mediate the movement of small ions and solutes via the Pore Pathway. The Leak Pathway remains less understood. Several proteins have been implicated in mediating the Leak Pathway, including occludin, ZO proteins, tricellulin, and actin filaments, but the proteins comprising the Leak Pathway remain unresolved. Many aspects of the Leak Pathway, such as its molecular mechanism, its properties, and its regulation, remain controversial. In this review, we provide a historical background to the evolution of the Leak Pathway concept from the initial examinations of paracellular permeability. We then discuss current information about the properties of the Leak Pathway and present current theories for the Leak Pathway. Finally, we discuss some recent research suggesting a possible molecular basis for the Leak Pathway.     

以VK-701 LEAP5~（TM）催化剂应对未来硫酸工业SO_2排放挑战

介绍了托普索公司基于LEAP5~（TM）技术而开发的一种新型催化剂VK-701。该催化剂通过改进气体在催化熔融物中的传递效率和提高V~（5＋）含量,在低温下对高浓度转化气具有极高的活性。在典型的4段一转一吸硫酸装置的最后一段装填VK-701,SO_2排放量较之装填含铯催化剂可减少20%～30%,较之装填含钾催化剂可减少...     

Bonding strength of oak with different adhesives after humid-water-heat tests

Composite materials manufactured from wood with different adhesives are being used increasingly in the construction of furniture frames and buildings. In this study, it is aimed to describe the effects of adhesives (PVAc, VTKA and UF) on white oak cut tangentially and radially impregnated with Protim WR 230, CCA, and Celcure AC 500 and exposed to humid-water-heat resistance and heating and cooling tests. Impregnation chemicals have decreased the bonding strength, and control samples gave higher bonding strength value. According to the control samples, it can be said that humid-resistance test, water-resistance test, heat-resistance test have decreased the bonding strength. As a result of the tests, white oak cut tangentially and impregnated with Protim WR 230 and bonded with VTKA adhesive can be used as a material in damp condition where the strength is required.     

Comparing the energy efficiency of different high rate algal raceway pond designs using computational fluid dynamics

High Rate Algal Ponds with long, shallow, looped channels and powered by paddlewheels have been used since the late 1970s for growing algae to produce nutraceuticals and to remediate wastewater. These high rate or raceway ponds are also being applied to other fields such as CO₂ capture and biodiesel production, where there is an ongoing effort to find ways of minimizing operating and capital costs. One approach for minimizing costs is to improve the energy efficiency of raceway ponds as this would lower operating costs and allow the construction of larger ponds, which should also lower capital costs. A major component of energy loss in a raceway pond is the energy required to circulate the fluid around the raceway, particularly at the hairpin bends.     

Die Hirschjagd

Zusammenfassung Die Chace dou cerf ist Frankreichs ältester Beitrag zur nationalen Jagdliteratur in der Sprache des Landes, ein Lehrgedicht eines anonymen Verfassers aus dem letzten Viertel des 13. Jahrhunderts. Beschrieben wird die freie Hetzjagd auf den Rothirsch mit Hunden. Die als Dialog zwischen dem Jägermeister und seinem Eleven in Wechselrede gestaltete ursprüngliche Gedichtform wurde bei der Übersetzung in enger Anlehnung an die altfranzösische Fassung in freie Rede übertragen. Der Text ergänzt und bestätigt in vieler Hinsicht das Bild, das über die mittelalterliche Jagd auf Rotwild besteht.

---

Summary The Chace dou cerf is France's oldest contribution to national hunting literature in native language, an anonymous didactic poem of the last quarter of the 13th century. The free, overland chase of red deer stags with hounds is described. The poem's original form was a dialogue between the master of hounds and his apprentice. In translation the form was structured in free speech with close reference to the old French original. The text enlarges and confirmes in many aspects the picture with exists of the middle-age hunting of red deer.

---

Résumé La Chace dou Cerf est la contribution la plus ancienne à la littérature cynégétique française. Il s'agit d'un poème didactique d'un auteur anonyme de la fin du 13ème siècle où est décrit le libre courre du Cerf avec chiens. La forme poétique originale, qui correspond à un dialogue entre le maître de chasse et son disciple, a été transposée en prose libre lors de la traduction en allemand. Le texte confirme généralement les conceptions que l'on se fait sur la chasse au Cerf au Moyen-Age.

     

3D nanometer features by ultra precision machining

Until now grating machines were mainly used to produce high-resolution mechanically divided gratings by scratching the structures in thin metal layers. Hereinafter, a new method is presented to produce echelette as well as echelle gratings on curved substrate surfaces. This is achieved with a modified planing procedure whereupon there are no limits to the maximum structure height.     

More Than a Medicine Show: Evaluating New Technologies

Abstract

As microcomputers continue to reach more and more desktops at companies all over the US- 13 million machines by 1990 by some estimates – the question as to why these machines have become so popular is of interest to many researchers in the IS field. Understanding this PC popularity can assist in management of microcomputer use and development of microcomputer applications.     

Fatty acid composition and eating quality of lamb types derived from four diverse breed × production systems

Carcass composition, muscle fatty acids and eating quality of loin chops were examined in ram lambs from four diverse breed × production system groups: pure Welsh Mountain off upland flora, pure Soays off lowland grass, Suffolk crosses off lowland grass and Suffolk crosses off concentrates. The two Suffolk groups had heavier and better muscled carcasses than the others and Soays were particularly lean. Fatty acid composition was different between the groups. The forage-fed lambs all had high concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including 18:3 (α-linolenic acid) and 20:5 (eicosapentaenoic acid) compared with Suffolks-concentrates which had high concentrations of the n-6 PUFA 18:2 (linoleic acid) and 20:4 (arachidonic acid). Soays were high in both n-3 and n-6 PUFA. Flavour characteristics in grilled chops were similar in Welsh Mountain and Suffolks-grass which differed from Soays and Suffolks-concentrates. The latter two groups had low scores for lamb flavour and overall liking and high scores for abnormal lamb flavour, metallic, bitter, stale, and rancid. Soays had the highest score for livery. These results extend previous findings of the association between feed, PUFA composition and lamb flavour profile and confirm that forage-fed lamb is preferred by UK taste panellists. They also identify a specific breed effect on the quality of meat from lambs raised on forage. These findings suggest that possibilities exist for the production of meat with specific quality characteristics.