非线性系统确定采样型滤波算法综述

确定采样型滤波包括Unscented卡尔曼滤波（UKF）,中心差分卡尔曼滤波（CDKF）以及容积卡尔曼滤波（CKF）,是一类基于确定解析采样近似方法的非线性次优高斯滤波算法,具有估计精度高、实现简单等优点,已得到国内外学者的广泛关注.在阐述确定采样型滤波基本原理的基础上,详细总结了近年来确定采样型滤波的研究现状,包括各种改进算法和在不同领域的应用情况;然后重点分析了确定采样型滤波所存在的问题;最后展望了其未来发展趋势和研究方向.     

基于L2TP和IPSec集成的车载无线终端传输网络设计

在应对突发事件救援行动中,指挥中心能否通过互联网取得第一手资料,必要的条件是存在一个安全的连接。虚拟专用网(VPN)是应急现场组织、指挥的重要通信手段。但是,如果车载无线移动终端移动,由于IP的变化,安全连接将会消失,新的连接将会重新建立,造成应急现场与指挥中心之间通信不流畅。为克服以上不足,详细阐述了由L2TP和IPSec集成的一种新颖的隧道网络过程,并介绍了L2TP和IPSec的集成方案,最后完成了对本方案的测试。     

Numerical analysis on compliance and electrical behavior of multi-copper-column flip-chip interconnects for wafer-level packaging

This paper presents modeling and simulation results of a modified copper-column-based flip-chip interconnect with ultrafine pitch for wafer-level packaging, and the process and prototyping procedure are described as well. This interconnect consists of multiple copper columns which are electrically in parallel and supporting a solder bump. A simple analytical model has been developed for correlation between the interconnect geometry and the thermal fatigue life. In comparison to the conventional single-copper-column (SCC) interconnects, numerical analysis reveals that the multi-copper-column (MCC) interconnect features enhanced compliances and, hence, higher thermomechanical reliability, while the associated electrical parasitics (R, L, and C) at dc and moderate frequencies are still kept low. Parametric studies reveal the effects of geometric parameters of MCC interconnects on both compliances and electrical parasitics, which in turn facilitate design optimization for best performance. By using coplanar waveguides (CPWs) as feed lines on both chip and package substrate, a high-frequency (up to 40 GHz) S-parameter analysis is conducted to investigate the transmission characteristics of the MCC interconnects within various scenarios which combines various interconnect pitches and common chip and package substrates. An equivalent lumped circuit model is proposed and the circuit parameters (R, L, C, and G) are obtained throughout a broad frequency range. Good agreement is achieved for the transmission characteristics between the equivalent lumped circuit model and direct simulation results.     

基于Canny准则的颗粒图象边缘检测算法

本文详细阐明了Canny准则以及基于Canny准则的算法，并在此基础上结合动态阈值对原有算法加以改进。将其应用于颗粒图象的边缘检测中，取得了良好的效果。     

基于多决策树算法的网络入侵检测

将一个大数据集分割成若干个子数据集，在每个子数据集上使用决策树算法进行挖掘，用投票的方式将多棵决策树的结果结合起来，形成全局的判断。将这种方法应用于网络入侵检测，试验表明，该方法不仅提高了数据挖掘算法对海量数据的处理能力，而且降低了误判率。     

Morphological contrast index based on the Weber's law

In this article, a morphological contrast index based on the Weber's law is proposed to quantify the contrast in a processed image. This measure involves the contours of the image along with its background. The proposal made here is applied to detect the image with higher contrast, and also identify the enhanced image most similar to the original. Moreover, the contrast index is compared with other four indexes reported in the current literature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 137–144, 2012     

Multi-scale discriminant saliency with wavelet-based Hidden Markov Tree modelling

Supposed saliency is a binary classification between centre and surround classes, saliency value is measured as their discriminant power. As the features are defined by sizes of chosen windows, a saliency value at each location is varied accordingly. This paper proposes computing saliency as discriminant power in multiple dyadic scales of Wavelet Hidden Markov Tree (HMT), in which two consecutive dyadic scales provide surrounding and central features, organized in a quad-tree structure. Their discriminant power is estimated as maximum a posterior probability (MAP) by Expectation-Maximization (EM) iterations. Then, a final saliency value is the maximum discriminant power generated among these scales. Standard quantitative tools and qualitative assessments are used for evaluating the proposed multi-scale discriminant saliency (MDIS) against the well-know information based approach AIM on its image collection with eye-tracking data. Simulation results are presented and analysed to verify the validity of MDIS as well as point out its limitation for further research direction.     

A general simulation procedure for the electrical characteristics of metal-insulator-semiconductor tunnel structures

The algorithm is suggested for calculating the I–V characteristics of a voltage- or current-controlled metal-tunnel-thin insulator-semiconductor system. The basic underlying physical models are discussed. Applicability of the algorithm is confirmed by a comparison of the simulation results with the measurement data obtained by the authors and borrowed from the literature, for several different structures. The presented information is supposed to suffice for calculating the electrical characteristics of the investigated structures with the various combinations of materials: metal or polysilicon gate, single-layer or stacked insulator, and semiconductor with any doping type and level.     

Experimental analyses of the poly(vinyl chloride) foams' mechanical anisotropic behavior

Assessing a full set of mechanical properties is a rather complicate task in the case of foams, especially if material models must be calibrated with these results. Many issues, for example anisotropy and heterogeneity, influence the mechanical behavior. This article shows through experimental analyses how the microstructure affects different experimental setups and it also quantifies the degree of anisotropy of a poly(vinyl chloride) foam. Monotonic and cyclic experimental tests were carried out using standard compression specimens and non‐standard tensile specimens. Results are complemented and compared with the aid of a digital image correlation technique and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Mechanical properties (e.g., elastic and plastic Poisson's ratios) are evaluated for compression and tensile tests, for two different material directions (normal and in‐plane). The material is found to be transversely isotropic. Differences in the results of the mechanical properties can be as high as 100%, or even more depending on the technique used and the loading direction. Also, the experimental analyses show how the material's microstructure behavior, like the evolution of the herein identified “yield fronts” and a “spring back” phenomenon, can influence the phenomenological response and the failure mechanisms as well as the hardening curves. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mutual information-based optimization of sparse spatio-spectral filters in brain–computer interface

Recently, neuro-rehabilitation based on brain–computer interface (BCI) has been considered one of the important applications for BCI. A key challenge in this system is the accurate and reliable detection of motor imagery. In motor imagery-based BCIs, the common spatial patterns (CSP) algorithm is widely used to extract discriminative patterns from electroencephalography signals. However, the CSP algorithm is sensitive to noise and artifacts, and its performance depends on the operational frequency band. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel optimized sparse spatio-spectral filtering (OSSSF) algorithm. The proposed OSSSF algorithm combines a filter bank framework with sparse CSP filters to automatically select subject-specific discriminative frequency bands as well as to robustify against noise and artifacts. The proposed algorithm directly selects the optimal regularization parameters using a novel mutual information-based approach, instead of the cross-validation approach that is computationally intractable in a filter bank framework. The performance of the proposed OSSSF algorithm is evaluated on a dataset from 11 stroke patients performing neuro-rehabilitation, as well as on the publicly available BCI competition III dataset IVa. The results show that the proposed OSSSF algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms based on CSP, stationary CSP, sparse CSP and filter bank CSP in terms of the classification accuracy, and substantially reduce the computational time of selecting the regularization parameters compared with the cross-validation approach.