甲状腺素对HepG2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

研究甲状腺激素(T3)对人肝癌细胞(HepG2)氧化损伤的保护作用。体外建立HepG2细胞H2O2氧化损伤模型,添加不同浓度T3进行保护,测定T3对细胞ROS、存活率、抗氧化酶及相关基因的影响。10-9、10-7、10-5mol/L的T3预处理24 h可分别有效降低50、100、200μmol/L H2O2处理细胞的ROS水平,提高细胞存活率(p0.05)。但10-5mol/L的T3反而会增加50μmol/L H2O2处理细胞的ROS水平,降低存活率(p0.05)。适量T3可显著降低H2O2氧化损伤的HepG2细胞MDA含量(p0.05),显著提高T-AOC、GSH-Px以及SOD活性(p0.05)。但过量T3会增加细胞MDA水平,降低酶活。基因表达也有类似趋势,T3预处理使损伤细胞内PI3K、Nrf2的表达显著提高(p0.05),且与T3作用剂量相关。可见T3对H2O2氧化损伤的HepG2细胞的氧化还原状态具有明显的改善作用,其抗氧化保护功能与提高抗氧化酶的活性及细胞内抗氧化相关基因的表达有关,且T3作用效果与其剂量及细胞损伤水平相关。     

基于机器视觉的皮蛋斑点检测和最佳生产配方研究

以鲜鸭蛋为原料,采用浸泡法腌制皮蛋。基于机器视觉的方法,通过图像获取系统得到皮蛋表面斑点的整体颜色特征,采用计算机软件对皮蛋表面斑点进行量值化处理得出蛋壳亮度值,以考察金属添加剂种类和含量、NaOH含量、食盐含量等因素对皮蛋表面斑点形成的影响。采用正交试验方法,通过对试验结果的加权评分,得出上述影响因素对综合品质的影响程度顺序为：食盐含量＞NaOH含量＞金属盐含量;腌制时采用配比为NaOH 6g/100mL、食盐2g/100mL、氯化铜0.3g/100mL制作的皮蛋斑点少、颜色浅、感官品质较好。     

Contribution of Protein Flexibility to the Foaming Properties of Casein

The effect of biopolymer flexibility on the foaming properties of casein was investigated. Flexibility was altered by: (1) chemical modification (covalent binding of a monosaccharide on the lysyl residues) or (2) pH change. Electron Spin Resonance was used to measure the reorientational frequency of casein residues labeled with nitroxide radicals. High levels of glycosylation induced increased protein flexibility and improved the foaming capacity. Good agreement was observed between higher values of flexibility and improved surface properties near the isoelectric point.     

Efficiency of modified urea fertilizers for tropical irrigated rice

An objective of the International Network on Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Evaluation for Rice (INSFFER) network is to field evaluate deep-point placement (urea supergranules) and slow-release (sulfur coated urea) N fertilizers in irrigated rice. These N sources were compared for performance with split application of prilled urea at 19 sites in Asia in wet season 1981.SCU or USG differed significantly in response curves from prilled urea at 12 of the 17 sites where N response was observed. Over these 17 sites, 22–25% less N as SCU or 29–31% less N as USG provided the same yield increment as the comparatively higher level of N as prilled urea.High profit N rates were derived for 5 sites. The optimal N levels for SCU or USG were less than for prilled urea. However, in one case for both test materials prilled urea was more profitable than SCU or USG. The marginal rates of return of using SCU or USG as opposed to OPU were calculated for the 11 sites where the response functions of the test materials differed significantly from prilled urea. In other than 2 sites for SCU the MRR exceeded 2.0 for 29 and 58 kg N ha^–1, indicating the general profitability of these materials when compared to prilled urea.     

超声波对胰蛋白酶水解酪蛋白的影响

研究了超声场下胰蛋白酶水解酪蛋白的酶解反应条件与动力学.在超声波频率 20 kHz、作用与间歇时间比为1∶1时,测定了不同功率下胰蛋白酶活性及该酶的最适温度、最适 pH和米氏常数Km 的影响.结果表明,180,225 W功率下,超声10 min的酪蛋白水解率显著高于常规对照组(P<0.05); 225 W超声功率下,在5 ℃,10 ℃,20 ℃下水解率分别比对照组提高 4.4 倍、2.47倍和2.33倍(P<0.01);超声场下胰蛋白酶 Km 值减小,Vm 增大.将胰蛋白酶、底物分别进行超声处理,紫外和荧光光谱分析观察到,超声处理后,酶溶液荧光发射光波长从334 nm移至332 nm,荧光强度提高,表明一定的超声波可能使酶及底物分子构象发生变化,提高胰蛋白酶水解活性.     

接装纸透气度和滤棒吸阻对卷烟烟气细胞毒性的影响

采用中性红细胞毒性试验测试了不同透气度接装纸卷烟和不同吸阻滤棒卷烟烟气冷凝物的细胞毒性,并初步分析了卷烟烟气的细胞毒性指标与CO,NNK,NH3,HCN,B[a]P,巴豆醛和苯酚释放量之间的相关性.结果表明:①随着接装纸透气度的增大,卷烟烟气冷凝物的细胞毒性呈降低趋势;细胞毒性指标与CO,NNK,NH3,HCN,B[a]P,巴豆醛和苯酚的释放量之间具有一定的相关性;②随着滤棒吸阻的增大,卷烟烟气冷凝物的细胞毒性呈降低趋势;细胞毒性指标与NH3,HCN,B[a]P和苯酚的释放量之间具有一定的相关性.     

冻干PST脂质体的制备及物理稳定性的研究

用卵磷脂、十八胺、胆固醇为原料,用超声波乳化逆相蒸发制备PST脂质体,并在-65℃冷冻干燥形成固体。测定粒颗粒形态、Zeta电位DSC等,研究其物理稳定性,发现冻干样品性质稳定。     

大豆肽的营养及其在食品工业中应用安全性探讨

0 引言 大豆是一种重要的蛋白和生物活性肽的潜在资源.大豆的主要贮存蛋白质组分是β-伴大豆球蛋白(β-conglycinin)和大豆球蛋白(glycinin)组成,大豆蛋白质的分子结构复杂,80%的分子量在10万以上,大多数内部分子结构呈反行非有序结构,分子高度压缩、折叠,大豆球蛋白三级结构、四级结构(特别是二硫桥键使其亚基牢固结合)高度结构化形成规则实体,从而使得大豆蛋白质消化吸收率和生物效价远不及牛奶、蛋等动物蛋白质.另外,大豆蛋白质的低pH值时溶解性、高浓度时的高黏度等功能特性也不能完全满足食品加工特别是流体食品的加工的需要.为了进一步提高大豆蛋白质的营养功能,并改善其加工特性,充分发挥大豆蛋白质在维系人体健康方面的重要作用,提高大豆产品的附加值,必须应用现代生物高科技手段,开展大豆蛋白加工与功能研究工作,将大豆蛋白质生物活性肽类释放,发挥生理效能.     

Finite Element Analysis of Ceramic Coatings under Spherical Indentation with Metallic Interlayer: Part Ⅰ Uncracked Coatings

Spherical indentation of ceramic coatings with metallic interlayer was performed by means of axisymmetric finite element analysis (FEA). Two typical ceramic coatings with relatively high and low elastic modulus deposited on aluminum alloy and carbon steel were considered. Various combinations of indenter radius-coating thickness ratios and interlayer thickness-coating thickness ratios were used in the modeling. The effects of the interlayer, the coating and the substrate on the indentation behavior, such as the radial stress distribution along the coating surface as well as the coating interface, and the plastic deformation zone evolution in the substrate were investigated in connection with the above mentioned ratios. The coating cracking dominant modes were also discussed within the context of the peak tensile stresses on the coating surface and on the coating interface.     

强脉冲离子束在金属中引起的应力波效应

金属在强脉冲离子束辐照及其后的快速冷却过程中所经历的应力过程是强脉冲离子束金属材料改性的最重要的机制之一。对应于这种过程，金属材料的微观结构和微硬度发生了改变。本文以45＃钢和纯铝为样品，将实验中测量到的不同强度的强脉冲辐照后样品微硬度和微观结构的变化与热力学计算所描述的热力学过程相对照，解释了出现微硬度双峰是由于应力波的形成和传播使然，并预言了由于应力波的在样品背面的反射，在较强能通量的强脉冲离子束辐照下样品背表面一定深度处也会出现微硬度增加的现象，该现象已被实验所证实。