强脉冲离子束材料表面改性研究进展

强脉冲离子束材料表面改性技术是正在发展中的新的材料表面改性技术。近四、五年来,我们围绕发展强脉冲离子束材料表面改性技术对其主要机制(强脉冲能量效应)、离子辐照诱发的热力学过程、表面熔坑现象及大面积均匀离子束技术开展了比较全面的基础性研究。研究表明,强脉冲离子束改性除了离子注入的元素掺杂效应外,其更可利用强脉冲能量沉积诱发的热力学效应,有望突破离子射程对改性层厚度的限制,并高效利用离子剂量和能量,成为新一代低成本、高效率、高生产率、实用化的离子束材料改性与合成工艺。本文对于上述研究的主要进展和相关问题进行了总结和评论。     

中国重大工程顶层组织中的兼任机制:“政府—市场”二元视角

我国重大工程顶层组织结构中广泛存在着兼任现象,政府和市场二元主体通过兼任者的人事安排共同为重大工程的高效建设发挥力量。从兼任这一独特视角出发梳理重大工程“政府—市场”二元体系的参与方式和相互间关系,是分析重大工程组织模式的入口。按照重大工程的组织类型及兼任形式两个维度,构建了重大工程高层管理者兼任现象的系统性分析框架,概括出四类典型的兼任模式,并基于现行“条块”体制、委托代理理论、“政府—市场”二元等视角分析各类兼任的规律特征及作用内涵。进一步提出“政府—市场”作用模式的改革方向,为重大工程的良性运转提供组织保障。     

对公务员招聘问题的思考

本文利用层次分析法和0-1型整数规划建立了一个公务员招聘的数学模型,并结合实际提出了通用可行的算法。首先利用层次分析法确定了招聘人员面试成绩对用人部门的权重,再把笔试成绩转化为相应的权重,然后将笔试成绩和面试成绩对用人部门的权重结合起来,建立了权重计算模型。再把应聘人员的志愿转化为用人单位对应聘人员的权重,建立了双向选择的权重计算模型。然后确定最优方案模型,被选人员对用人单位的权重之和最大时的人员选取即为所求,从而建立了应聘人员最优选取的0-1整数规划模型,制定出最优的分配方案,并对一般情况即N个应聘人员M个用人单位时,对模型做了推广。最后利用Matlab和Lingo编程对上述模型和算法进行了实践求解。针对实际本文还充分考虑了多种情况下各种因素对人员招聘的影响,较完满地解决了公务员招聘问题,并检验了模型的合理性,文章分析了模型的优缺点和改进方向,同时提出了一些实用性建议。     

BEPCII直线加速器定时系统

北京正负电子对撞机升级改造工程BEPCII的重要组成部分--直线加速器于2006年7月通过了所内预验收,其中定时系统是全新建造的基于EVG/EVR的事件定时系统[1],于2006年3月起投入运行,为直线加速器的电子枪、微波激励源、能量倍增器、正电子源、调制器、BPM等设备提供精确的时序触发信号.本文介绍直线加速器定时系统的研制、安装调试、运行和改进等工作情况.     

A neuronal ryanodine receptor mediates light-induced phase delays of the circadian clock

Circadian clocks are complex biochemical systems that cycle with a period of approximately 24 hours. They integrate temporal information regarding phasing of the solar cycle, and adjust their phase so as to synchronize an organism's internal state to the local environmental day and night. Nocturnal light is the dominant regulator of this entrainment. In mammals, information about nocturnal light is transmitted by glutamate released from retinal projections to the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Clock resetting requires the activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors, which mediate Ca2+ influx. The response induced by such activation depends on the clock's temporal state: during early night it delays the clock phase, whereas in late night the clock phase is advanced. To investigate this differential response, we sought signalling elements that contribute solely to phase delay. We analysed intracellular calcium-channel ryanodine receptors, which mediate coupled Ca2+ signalling. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores during early night blocked the effects of glutamate. Activators of ryanodine receptors induced phase resetting only in early night; inhibitors selectively blocked delays induced by light and glutamate. These findings implicate the release of intracellular Ca2+ through ryanodine receptors in the light-induced phase delay of the circadian clock restricted to the early night.     

The effects of castration on body composition, adipose tissue cellularity and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in adult male rats

Gonadal hormones affect body composition, food intake, weight gain and serum lipids in numerous species including man. In this study, mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were castrated or sham-operated at 16 weeks of age. During the 6-week observation period with weekly records of food intake and weight gain, these parameters were significantly lower in the castrated group. The decrease in food intake in this group could not account for the difference in body weight between the groups, indicating a lower feed utilisation in the castrates. At sacrifice accessory reproductive organs, the levator ani muscle, thymus and adrenals were dissected for determination of organ weight and histology, revealing significant reductions in the accessory reproductive organs and levator ani of the castrates. The thymus was significantly heavier in the castrated animals. No differences were found in the adrenals. Two of the sham-operated animals had signs of accidental functional castration. The proportion of body cell mass and total lipid of the carcass was the same in both groups. Significant reductions in adipocyte weights were found in the epididymal depots of the castrated rats. Blood samples taken at sacrifice in pentobarbital anaesthesia were analysed for glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, FFA, glycerol and protein. Statistically significant reductions in triglycerides and protein were recorded in the castrated animals without any significant changes in the other parameters studied. The results are discussed with reference to the age of castration and the importance of the reduced food intake in castrated animals.     

活性炭盒测氡析出率探测效率校准方法研究

采用活性炭盒测氡析出率的方法已成为国内外普遍采用的一种常规测量方法,活性炭盒的探测效率是该方法的关键参数。由于现有仪器很难直接测量活性炭盒中的氡活度,因而活性炭盒氡活度的测定成为校准活性炭盒探测效率的难点。本文提出了一种解决活性炭盒氡活度测定问题并校准活性炭盒探测效率的方法。通过测量活性炭盒泄放的氡的活度和活性炭盒泄放氡气前后的γ净计数率,推导出活性炭盒探测效率的计算公式并设计对应的校准方法。利用该方法对内直径63 mm、内高度32 mm的活性炭盒的探测效率进行了5次校准,平均探测效率为6.57%±0.26%。根据活性炭盒以及γ能谱测量装置,设计蒙特卡罗计算模型,探测效率的模拟结果为6.92%,与实验结果相差5%,说明该活性炭盒探测效率的校准方法是准确和可靠的。     

基于量子粒子群混合算法的电力系统无功优化

针对传统粒子群算法在无功优化中易陷入局部最优和后期收敛慢等问题,提出了基于量子粒子群混合算法的无功优化计算方法.该算法将量子叠加态思想引入到粒子群算法中,使得单个粒子能表示更多的状态和量级,增加了种群的多样性;采用量子旋转门更新粒子的速度和位置,提高了收敛的速度.用该算法对IEEE 30节点系统进行无功优化计算,并与粒...     

关于联立Pell方程组x2-4D1y2＝1和y2-D2z2＝1

设D1是正整数,证明了:如果4D1=r2-1,其中r是正整数,则至多有1个奇素数D2可使联立Pell方程组x2-4D1y2=1和y2-D2z2=1有正整数解(x,y,z).