Effects of experimental endogenous hyperlipemia on circulating leukocytes and erythrocytes

Effects of hyperlipemia on circulating leukocytes and erythrocytes were studied in dogs which were given repeated, intravenous injections of a nonionic detergent, Triton WR-1339. Erythrocyte lipid concentrations increased from 3.6±0.9 mg/10¹⁰ cells in control animals to 9.3±1.5 mg in the hyperlipemic group. This increase was accompanied by a shift in the distribution of total fatty acids toward a higher percentage of saturated and monounsaturated acids. In contrast to the changes observed in erythrocytes, the leukocyte lipid content remained unaltered in dogs with serum cholesterol levels ranging from 500 to more than 2,000 mg/100 ml. Leukocyte counts rose whereas hematocrit values, hemoglobin concentrations, and erythrocyte counts decreased. Oxygen utilization studies showed no significant metabolic differences between leukocytes which were isolated from hyperlipemic or control animals. Circulating leukocytes in dogs with an endogenously induced hyperlipemia were shown therefore to maintain normal lipid concentrations and did not participate in lipophage formation, as reported for certain diet-induced lipemias.     

A small-angle neutron scattering study on poly(ethylene oxide) crystals

Small-angle neutron scattering measurements were made on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) crystallized from the melt. Samples with the deuterated species (DPEO) as a matrix present distinct Bragg peaks from which the lamella spacings can be determined. As a result of strong void-scattering, quantitative analysis of the low-angle regime of these scattering curves is not possible. Samples with the protonous species as a matrix, for which void-scattering is expected to be negligibly small, present unusual scattering curves indicating that they consist of two components, i.e. the intramolecular and intermolecular interference terms. A quantitative analysis of these curves indicates: (1) the solute DPEO molecules are embedded in the crystalline structure of the matrix, assuming rod-like conformations but (2) forming essentially homogeneous aggregates of a few to tens of the DPEO molecules, depending on the crystallization temperature and the DPEO concentration; (3) the DPEO molecules or aggregates are distributed in space in a non-random manner that corresponds to the presence of inhomogeneous ‘domains’ having root-mean-square radii of about 250 Å, and each containing about 100 DPEO molecules.     

Thermodynamic properties of F-22(CHClF2) hydrate for use in desalting

In this study are reported the pressure-temperature phase diagrams of F-22 in both pure water and aqueous NaCl solutions in the region where the hydrate forms. From these data we have determined the hydrate decomposition conditions and the invariant points including the eutectic. These are the necessary thermo-dynamic data for evaluating F-22 as an agent for use in the hydrate process for desalination of sea water. Other thermal, mechanical, and economic properties of pure F-22 are well known, e.g. duPont data (1). Kinetic data on the rate of formation of the hydrate in a stirred reactor will be reported at a later date.     

Caprolactam based block copolymers using polymeric activators

Caprolactam has been polymerised by sodium hydride in the presence of isocyanate terminated polymers. The latter participate in the initiation reaction and allow the preparation of materials where the prepolymer can amount to 50% of the product. There is evidence that block copolymers are formed, and the properties of polycaprolactam are considerably modified by the use of such activators. Styrene-butadiene or, particularly, caprolactone based isocyanates give materials having properties similar to the harder thermoplastic polyurethanes. The dependence of properties on the nature and amount of the polymeric activators, and the conditions of preparation and processing, have been investigated. Crystalline morphology has also been examined. Tensile strengths of 50 MN/m² with 550% elongation at break are readily attainable with these materials.     

An oil fraction from edible beef tallow as a constituent of whey-soy drink mix

In order to increase its potential as a food ingredient, an oil fraction derived from a commercial edible beef tallow was substituted for soybean oil in a formulation designed to yield a spray-dried free-flowing powder readily reconstitutable with water to yield a nutritious beverage. If desired, the beverage powder could be fortified with a vitamin-mineral premix containing iron. After 6 months of storage at 37 C, no significant difference in flavor score was observed between samples containing the beef tallow oil fraction and control samples containing soybean oil. There was also no significant difference in flavor scores received by samples containing the beef tallow oil fraction fortified with vitamins and minerals and fortified control samples. However, peroxide values were eight times greater in the unfortified control samples. The beef tallow oil fraction warrants further study as a food ingredient in engineered food systems where enhanced oxidative stability is desirable.     

SUBSTITUTION OF TOPAZ,DOMESTIC KYANITE,AND SYNTHETIC MULLITE-CORUNDUM FOR INDIA KYANITE: IV,RAW TOPAZ AS HIGH-TEMPERATURE BOND FOR DOMESTIC KYANITE*

Raw topaz has been found to act as a high-temperature bond for both raw and calcined kyanite. It is thought that this bonding action is due in part to volatiles which emerge from the raw topaz between 1000° and 1200°C. Some of the topaz decomposition products are absorbed and retained by the calcined kyanite. Within the limits of this investigation, all refractories which contained either calcined or raw kyanite, or mixtures of the two, with a minimum of 10% raw topaz had a good structure and were well bonded. The results of the load tests indicated that increased firing temperatures in the preheat improved the load resistance, but excellent high-temperature resistance was obtained by preheating as low as 1300°C. in laboratory kilns.     

New statistical distributions for group counting in?Bernoulli and Poisson processes

Based on a sequential group sampling procedure, the authors introduce a new statistical distribution for group-by-group counting for Bernoulli processes. Suppose that a population contains an infinite number of items, each item having probability p for nonconformity and probability 1−p for conformity. Items are inspected group by group, where each group contains m items, and the number of nonconforming items are recorded only when inspection of a group is completed. The inspection procedure is terminated if the cumulative number of nonconforming items recorded is greater than or equal to a specified number r. The distribution introduced in this paper consists of two random variables: the number of groups inspected, K, and the cumulative number of nonconforming items observed, X. Statistical properties and inferences for the bivariate distribution of (K,X) are studied. The authors also discuss the limiting case as m→∞ and p→0 with mp fixed, and derive a new bivariate distribution for group-by-group counting for Poisson processes that approaches the gamma distribution in limit. A new type of control chart and an acceptance sampling procedure are developed based on (K,X), and examples are given to illustrate their applications.