Effects of housing and colostrum feeding on the prevalence of selected infectious organisms in feces of Jersey calves

Neonatal Jersey calves (n = 96) were used to evaluate effects of housing (individual hutches or wooden pens in a barn) and colostrum feeding (calves were separated from the dam and fed 2 L of colostrum in nipple-bottles or allowed to nurse the dam for 3 d) on the prevalence of selected organisms in feces. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria were reduced, and prevalence of rotavirus tended to be reduced, when calves were housed in hutches. Prevalence of coronavirus was unaffected by treatment. Weekly prevalence of Giardia was increased when calves were left to nurse the dam for 3 d. Mean prevalence of Cryptosporidia (wk 1 to 4), Eimeria (wk 4 to 5), Giardia, rotavirus, and coronavirus (wk 1 to 5) were 34.7, 20.6, 27.1, 15.8, and 4.9%, respectively. Escherichia coli (K99 positive) were observed in 3 of 174 samples cultured. Methods of housing and colostrum feeding affected acquisition of enteropathogens in this study.     

The physiology of the kidney and water-salt metabolism: the basic research trends in Russia

The major tendency for the investigations of kidney function and water-salt metabolism running in different Russian laboratories is reviewed. The proceedings of some national publications on the regulation of water and ion transport at the cell and molecular level demonstrate the progress in this field of renal physiology in Russia. Trends in the researchers of the renal function and its neuroendocrine regulation on experimental animals and also on people with renal dysfunction are described. In the last part of the review there is a brief account of the papers on the development of the kidney function and water-salt metabolism during onto- and phylogeny.