Corrosion of Heating Surfaces of Power Station Boiler Equipment Made of Steel 12X18H10T

The long-term operation of thermal power equipment made of 12X18H10T steel at a temperature of 550°C and higher changes its performance due to the changed composition of inside surfaces and bodies of tubes. To avoid deterioration of service characteristics during the operation, the thermal equipment is recommended to make of low-carbon chrome-nickel stainless steels or niobium-stabilized steels. Preservation of the equipment by octadecylamine should be carried out only at a working temperature below its thermodestruction temperature.     

New calcium-containing product for complex treatment of osteoporosis

The article presents results of clinical tests of calcium-containing product--dry breakfast "Bodrost"--having in its composition a mineral part of bones of slaughter animals, on patients with menopausal and senil forms of osteoporosis. A chemical composition of the developed product is presented. Results of biochemical tests of blood and urine as well as densitometry of bones of skeleton of patients at the age from 50 to 80 years old are presented. It is established that dry breakfast "Bodrost" can be recommended for complex treatment of osteoporosis.     

Progress in the technology for the production of automobile sheet

Studies that are focused on developing qualitatively new steels for automobile sheet and technologies for making these materials are becoming more and more important. Such studies can be properly carried out only on the basis of extensive fundamental and applied research into the processes and phenomena which take place in the production and subsequent use of automobile sheet. Theoretical principles and applied research findings obtained by specialists at the I. P. Bardin Central Research Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy have allowed several Russian metallurgical plants to use oxygen converters for the mass production of high-quality automobile sheet that is competitive in the international market. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 5, pp. 51–54, May, 2007.     

Condensation on curvilinear fins (effect of groove flooding): EMERALD experiment of ESA

Some aspects of the ESA space program EMERALD are presented. A problem of the film type condensation on curvilinear fin is considered with taking into account the essential influence of the capillary forces and non uniform temperature of the fin. Disjoining pressure effect on condensate film flow is studied numerically, because of very thin film of condensate on the fin tip. Value of the groove flooding depth changes significantly the condensate outflow from the condenser. Calculations for water condensation predict a very high value of the heat transfer coefficient, more than 50 kW/m²K, on a quite important part of the surface area and confirm the idea of proposed condenser and Double Capillary Pumped Loop.     

Model for controlling processes in the ladle treatment of steel

In Russia, the Bardin Central Research Institute of Metallurgy (TsNIIchermet) has used results obtained from many years of basic research to construct physicochemical models of the processes of deoxidizing, desulfurizing, alloying, and finishing steel in out-of-furnace treatments in accordance with the main chemical reactions that take place. Construction of the models has in turn made it possible to develop a series of software applications designed to solve practical problems that arise in controlling the processes which occur in ladle metallurgy.     

Splanchnic ischemia and bacterial translocation in the abdominal compartment syndrome

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Major trauma or abdominal injury may lead to the development of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and the onset of the abdominal compartment syndrome. Although the effect of raised IAP on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics have been described, the consequences of the resultant gut hypoperfusion in this setting are unknown. Bacterial translocation (BT) occurs after a period of splanchnic ischemia and may contribute to later organ failure. A rodent model was used to examine the effect of raised IAP on ileal mucosal blood flow (MBF) and BT. IAP was increased to 25 mm Hg for 60 minutes and mean arterial blood pressure was maintained with fluid. Animals were killed 24 hours later and examined for BT. RESULTS: Increased IAP resulted in a decrease of MBF to 63% of baseline despite maintaining normal mean arterial blood pressure. BT occurred principally to the mesenteric lymph nodes after 60 minutes of IAP at 25 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Increased IAP leads to decreased MBF and to BT, which may contribute to later septic complications and organ failure.