Effect of catalyst type on the kinetics of the photoelectrochemical disinfection of water inoculated with E. coli

The rates of the photoelectrochemical disinfection of Escherichia coli at TiO₂ electrodes were measured as a function of concentration and applied potential. Two different TiO₂ photoelectrodes were used: a thermally treated titanium plate and a porous film prepared by a sol–gel hydrolysis technique. The kinetics of the disinfection process were found to depend upon the nature of the electrode material. For the thermal film they were first order, and half order for the sol–gel film. It was also found that the catalytic activity per unit surface area of catalyst is many orders of magnitude greater than that observed using TiO₂ slurries; this was attributed to the reduced rate of electron-hole recombination afforded by the application of a small potential bias (1 V vs Ag/AgCl), and hence the exploitation of the electric field enhancement (EFE) effect.     

PVAm/PAN复合膜的制备及其对CO2/CH4的分离性能

New polymeric membrane materials——polyvinyl amine (PVAm) with different primary amine contents were synthesized.By covering polyacrylonitrile(PAN) ultrafiltration membranes with PVAm, the PVAm/PAN composite membranes for CO₂/CH₄ separation were prepared. The composite membranes containing more primary amino groups have higher selectivity for CO₂/CH₄.The cross-linking of acid or glutaradehyde could improve the gas permselectivity of the composite membranes. With decreasing CO₂ content in the feed gas, the CO₂/CH₄ separation factor increased.When the feed gas was 25%(vol) CO₂ and 75%(vol) CH₄, the CO₂ permeation rate was 4.1×10^-9cm³(STP) •cm^-2•Pa^-1•s^-1, and the CO₂/CH₄ separation factor was 180.     

Sr_2Al_6O_(11):Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)蓝色发光材料制备

用高温固相法合成Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+,Dy3+蓝色发光材料,研究了合成温度、保温时间、B2O3加入量对该材料物相组成和发光性能的影响。结果表明,只有在掺入一定量的B2O3(5%~15%)的条件下,通过控制温度(1000℃~1150℃)和保温时间(1h~2h)能够合成Sr2Al6O11:Eu2+,Dy3+蓝色发光材料。     

紫草在柞丝绸织物染色中的应用

对紫草用于柞蚕丝织物的染色性能进行了探讨。用乙醇提取紫草色素,选取染液体积分数、pH值、温度和时间4个因素,通过正交试验及单因素分析试验,优化出紫草上染柞蚕丝织物的最佳工艺条件为:浴比1∶40,染液体积分数8%,pH 6,温度80℃,时间60 min。通过不同媒染剂(Al3+、Fe2+、Cu2+)媒染处理,得到不同颜色的织物。通过对染色织物耐水洗及耐摩擦色牢度的检测得出,紫草上染柞蚕丝织物色牢度优良,直接染色和媒染均达到3级以上。     

金属卟啉仿生催化剂进展

细胞色素P-450是一种生物体内催化分子氧氧化内源底物的单加氧酶,其活性片段的核心结构是金属卟啉络合物。人工合成的金属卟啉络合物可作为细胞色素P-450的有效模拟物,应用于烯烃、直链烷烃、环烷烃、芳烃、芳烃侧链、及各种杂原子等多种底物的催化氧化。人工合成的金属卟啉络合物可分为：对称型金属卟啉、非对称型金属卟啉、μ-氧代双核金属卟啉、负载型金属卟啉4大类。现以金属卟啉络合物的结构为线索,论述了结构与催化活性及稳定性的内在联系,重点介绍了近几年国内外金属卟啉仿生催化剂的氧化应用研究进展,及仿生催化氧化的工业化发展前景。     

石英晶体最大双折射率色散特性的椭偏测量

为了测量石英晶体最大双折射率的色散特性,在椭偏光谱仪的水平透射测量模式下,通过对确定厚度的石英波片相位延迟量的精确测量,计算出了石英晶体的最大双折射率值,并进行了误差分析。结果表明:这种方法光路简单、操作方便,屏蔽了光源的不稳定性;双折射率测量精度达到了10-6,比连续偏光干涉法的测量精度提高了1个数量级;实现了对石英晶体的最大双折射率色散特性的连续光谱测量;此方法对其它双折射晶体材料的双折射率色散特性的研究也同样适用。     

柞蚕丝织物的柔软整理方法分析

采用蛋白酶和有机硅柔软剂对柞蚕丝织物进行柔软整理,通过正交试验,确定了两种整理的最佳工艺条件,并对比分析了两种整理方法在柔软效果、工艺条件和整理成本上的差异,得出柞蚕丝织物采用有机硅柔软整理优于蛋白酶整理的结论。     

Isolation and identification of a sulfate reducing bacteria and sequence analysis of its dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene

A sulfate reducing bacteria was isolated from mining sewage of Daqing Oilfield by Hungate anaerobic technology. Physiological-biochemical analysis showed that the strain could utilize polyacrylamide as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA illustrated that the similarity of F8 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF192153) was 99%, and the similarity sequence of dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene (DSR) cloned from the strain and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF273034) was 98%. Their phylogenitic analysis was basically anastomosed, and thus temporarily named as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans F8. The DSR cloned from F8 strain was 2740 bp in length consisting of three ORF, DSRA, DSRB and DSRD as a single operon (DSRABD) regulated by the same operator. DSRA contained typical conservative box of sulfate—sulfite reducing enzyme (SiteⅠand SiteⅡ), which could bind siroheme and [Fe4S4]. DSRB retained a [Fe4S4] binding site, with an uncomplimentary structure for siroheme binding. There was no conservative box in DSRD. Sequence analysis of DSR will provide a theoretical basis for quantitative detection, metabolic pathway modification through gene engineering, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) suppression.     

Damage and deterioration mechanism and curing technique of concrete structure in main coal cleaning plants

Concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants have been rebuilt and reinforced in the coal mines of the Shanghai Da-tun Energy Sources Co. Ltd., the first colliery of the Pingdingshan Coal Co. Ltd. and the Sanhejian mine of the Xuzhou Mining Group Co. Ltd. In these projects, the operating environment and reliability of concrete structures in the main plants of the three companies were investigated and the safety of the structures inspected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were made on the spe-cial natural, technological and mechanical environments around the structures. On the basis of these analyses, we discuss the long-term, combined actions of the harsh natural (corrosive gases, liquids and solids) and mechanical environments on concrete structures and further investigated the damage and deteriorating mechanisms and curing techniques of concrete structures in the main coal cleaning plants. Our study can provide a theoretical basis for ensuring the reliability of concrete structures in main coal cleaning plants.     

米曲霉在牛乳中最适生长条件的研究

利用米曲霉对牛乳进行发酵,通过单因子及正交试验以菌丝体干重为指标对其在牛乳中的生长进行了研究．结果表明：接种量为4％,装液量为30mL,摇床转速为180r／min时菌丝体干重可达到最大．此外测得最大菌丝体干重时的蛋白质分解率可达35．6％．