染整加工的水热循环利用

采用以源头消减、过程控制和回收利用的技术方法,改变传统被动落后的末端治理污染控制手段.即退浆机回收PVA、丝光机回收液碱、水洗机回收余热、定形机和导热油炉高温烟气余热回收利用,以及冷却水、冷凝水回收和中水回用等.改造完成后可节约蒸汽17 288 t/年,节约用水30万m<'3>/年,节约天然气18万m<'3>/年,水的循环利用率80%以上.     

中草药免疫增强剂对泌乳期奶山羊淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

通过AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术测定奶山羊饲喂中草药免疫增强剂后,血液、脾脏和乳上淋巴结淋巴细胞凋亡率的变化情况。结果表明,中草药免疫增强剂能够抑制血液、脾脏和乳上淋巴结淋巴细胞的凋亡。     

基于电子鼻技术研究保鲜方法对鲜切菠萝贮藏品质的影响

采用三种保鲜方式对鲜切菠萝进行处理（有机酸处理、漂烫处理、酸+漂烫综合处理）,通过电子鼻技术结合感官分析对鲜切菠萝的贮藏品质变化进行研究。感官评价结果表明:不同保鲜处理的效果从菠萝贮藏中期（3⁵d）开始出现差异性（p<0.05）,酸结合漂烫处理在贮藏中后期（3⁷d）分值较高,即酸结合漂烫处理能够更好的保持鲜切菠萝的贮藏品质;香气损失的线性判别分析（LDA）分析表明,酸结合漂烫处理能够有效延缓菠萝香气的损失;传感器贡献率分析（LA）表明,酸结合漂烫处理与对照组菠萝香气主要成分最为接近。总体来看,电子鼻分析结果与感官分析的结果基本一致,即电子鼻可用于快速评价菠萝贮藏品质;酸结合漂烫处理能够较好的保持菠萝原有特征香气及贮藏品质。      

羟丙基-β-环糊精/玫瑰香精纳米胶囊制备工艺的优化

利用羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)内疏水外亲水的空腔结构对东方琥珀玫瑰香精进行包合,以平均粒径为主要指标,粒径分布系数(PDI)及ζ电位为辅助指标对胶囊进行考察.通过单因素实验找出对包合工艺影响较大的因素.在此基础上采用Box-Behnken响应面设计法优化包合工艺,得到最佳包合工艺条件:包合时间为4h,磁力搅拌转速为1 000 r/min,反应pH值为8,壁芯质量比为1.69,乳化剂为聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯(Tween-20),乳化剂香精质量比为3.13,固形物质量分数为1.5％.其平均粒径为72.8 nm,粒径分布系数为0.127,ζ电位为-12.6 mV.通过透射电镜观察发现纳米香精胶囊呈不规则的圆形.     

陈列柜冷辐射对超市空调系统设计参数的影响

从人体舒适性及节能的角度出发,分析了陈列柜冷辐射对超市空调系统设计参数的影响,以此确定了合理的超市空调系统设计参数:夏季空调系统设计参数选择温度27℃,相对湿度60%;冬季空调系统设计参数选择温度不大于21℃,相对湿度30%.这两种状态下,节能效果和热舒适性较好.     

Inhibition of Bacillus cereus spore outgrowth and multiplication by chitosan

Bacillus cereus is an endospore-forming bacterium able to cause food-associated illness. Different treatment processes are used in the food industry to reduce the number of spores and thereby the potential of foodborne disease. Chitosan is a polysaccharide with well-documented antibacterial activity towards vegetative cells. The activity against bacterial spores, spore germination and subsequent outgrowth and growth (the latter two events hereafter denoted (out)growth), however, is poorly documented. By using six different chitosans with defined macromolecular properties, we evaluated the effect of chitosan on Bacillus cereus spore germination and (out)growth using optical density assays and a dipicolinic acid release assay. (Out)growth was inhibited by chitosan, but germination was not. The action of chitosan was found to be concentration-dependent and also closely related to weight average molecular weight (M_w) and fraction of acetylation (F_A) of the biopolymer. Chitosans of low acetylation (F_A = 0.01 or 0.16) inhibited (out)growth more effectively than higher acetylated chitosans (F_A = 0.48). For the F_A = 0.16 chitosans with medium (56.8 kDa) and higher M_w (98.3 kDa), a better (out)growth inhibition was observed compared to low M_w (10.6 kDa) chitosan. The same trend was not evident with chitosans of 0.48 acetylation, where the difference in activity between the low (19.6 kDa) and high M_w (163.0 kDa) chitosans was only minor. In a spore test concentration corresponding to 10²-10³ CFU/ml (spore numbers relevant to food), less chitosan was needed to suppress (out)growth compared to higher spore numbers (equivalent to 10⁸ CFU/ml), as expected. No major differences in chitosan susceptibility between three different strains of B. cereus were detected. Our results contribute to a better understanding of chitosan activity towards bacterial spore germination and (out)growth.     

EFFECT OF PE/AG2O NANO‐PACKAGING ON THE QUALITY OF APPLE SLICES

ABSTRACT

Effects of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) packaging and nano‐structured silver‐polyethylene (PE/Ag₂O) packaging on the overall sensory quality, color, weight and solute loss of fresh‐cut apples stored at 5 and 15C were studied in this research. Results showed that, compared with normal LDPE packaging, the PE/Ag₂O packaging helped to maintain the freshness of apple slices. Nano‐structured PE/Ag₂O bag delayed apple browning and decreased the weight loss of apple slices during storage. In addition, it can also prevent apple slices from microbial spoilage. As a result, the quality of apple slices saved at 5C in PE/Ag₂O bag was acceptable in 12 days, while those held in LDPE bag showed some deterioration in 6 days. Furthermore, considering the potential health risk resulting from silver leak, the safety of PE/Ag₂O bag was evaluated, and the result indicated an acceptable safety for food packaging.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Types of nano‐structured bags are recently commercialized for food packaging in many countries, but few documents report their performance in quality maintenance. This study indicates that nano‐structured PE/Ag₂O bag is effective in maintaining the freshness of apple slices with extended shelf‐life. Results of this work may be useful for promoting the acceptance and application of similar nano‐packaging in the quality maintenance of fresh‐cut products.     

红枣核桃酸奶的贮藏品质及胃肠液环境下抗氧化研究

以红枣、核桃、新鲜牛奶为主要原料制备红枣核桃酸奶,以不添加红枣汁与核桃粉的同批鲜奶自制普通酸奶为对照,分别测定不同贮藏时期红枣核桃酸奶和对照酸奶的理化指标,以及两种酸奶在贮藏期和胃、肠液模拟环境下对DPPH、ABTS自由基的清除能力。结果表明,贮藏期间红枣核桃酸奶在活菌数、酸度以及抗氧化能力方面均显著优于对照酸奶(P<0.05),持水力低于对照酸奶(P<0.05),且贮藏21 d后,红枣核桃酸奶的DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率分别为88.65%、72.46%,对照酸奶为53.10%、69.44%。然而,两种酸奶经延长冷藏时间或在胃肠液环境处理后均会导致自由基清除能力降低,但红枣核桃酸奶在总体上仍然优于对照酸奶。因此,红枣核桃酸奶是一种新型的功能性乳品。     

探讨浓香型酒醅小茬与回缸发酵模型与产量质量的关系

在浓香型白酒的生产过程中,处于窖内中上部的小茬醅与回缸醅的发酵规律与位于窖池底部的大茬醅的发酵规律是完全不一致的.小茬与回缸醅的发酵是否正常对产酒数量以及原酒质量都起到十分重要的影响.通过深入研究和探索小茬、回缸等上层酒醅的发酵规律,得出普遍发酵规律曲线及异常发酵曲线,并从生产实际应用角度解析构建它们的最佳发酵模型,并...     

2018年蔬菜国家食品安全监督抽检结果分析

目的 分析2018年我国蔬菜的食品安全形势。方法 汇总2018年蔬菜国家食品安全监督抽检结果, 对不合格项目等信息进行分析。结果 2018年共抽检蔬菜2077批次, 检出不合格样品68批次, 总体合格率为96.7%。抽检的16种蔬菜中, 菠菜的合格率仅为85.2%, 芹菜、韭菜、普通白菜、豇豆的合格率分别为87.3%、89.8%、90.8%和94.4%, 姜和黄瓜的合格率分别为98.8%和99.4%, 其余9种蔬菜未检出不合格。菠菜、芹菜、普通白菜的不合格原因主要是毒死蜱超标, 韭菜的不合格原因主要是腐霉利超标。结论 菠菜、芹菜、韭菜、普通白菜的合格率偏低, 毒死蜱、腐霉利等农药超标是主要的食品安全问题。