德尔塔巴流量计在流量测量中的应用

介绍了一种用于流量测量的德尔塔巴流量计,简述了德尔塔巴的测量原理以及基本结构,详细的介绍了德尔塔巴流量计的特点并与孔板、转子流量计、涡街流量计等常见的流量仪表进行了对比,通过实例阐述了德尔塔巴在实际工程应用中的价值。     

A numerical study on extinction and NOx formation in nonpremixed flames with syngas fuel

The flame structure, extinction, and NO_x emission characteristics of syngas/air nonpremixed flames, have been investigated numerically. The extinction stretch rate increased with the increase in the hydrogen proportion in the syngas and with lower fuel dilution and higher initial temperature. It also increased with pressure, except for the case of highly diluted fuel at high pressure. The maximum temperature and the emission index of nitric oxides (EINO_x) also increased in aforementioned conditions. The EINO_x decreased with stretch rate in general, while the decreasing rate was found to be somewhat different between the cases of N₂ and CO₂ dilutions. The reaction paths of NO_x formation were analyzed and represented as NO reaction path diagram. The increase in N radical resulted in larger NO_x production at high initial temperature and pressure. As the pressure increases, EINO_x increases slower due to the third-body recombination. The thermal NO mechanism is weakened for high dilution cases and non-thermal mechanisms prevail. The combustion conditions achieving higher extinction stretch rate can be lead to more NO_x emission, therefore that the selection of optimum operation range is needed in syngas combustion.     

基于“运动骨架”的自顶向下成型架机构设计

叙述一种借助Pro/Engineer软件的“运动骨架”工具进行“自顶向下”机构设计的方法,并以钢管包装输送成型架机构的设计为例来说明该方法的实际应用.     

Reliability-based design optimization of axial compressor using uncertainty model for stall margin

Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) of the NASA stage 37 axial compressor is performed using an uncertainty model for stall margin in order to guarantee stable operation of the compressor. The main characteristics of RBDO for the axial compressor are summarized as follows: First, the values of mass flow rate and pressure ratio in stall margin calculation are defined as statistical models with normal distribution for consideration of the uncertainty in stall margin. Second, Monte Carlo Simulation is used in the RBDO process to calculate failure probability of stall margin accurately. Third, an approximation model that is constructed by an artificial neural network is adopted to reduce the time cost of RBDO. The present method is applied to the NASA stage 37 compressor to improve the reliability of stall margin with both maximized efficiency and minimized weight. The RBDO result is compared with the deterministic optimization (DO) result which does not include an uncertainty model. In the DO case, stall margin is slightly higher than the reference value of the required constraint, but the probability of stall is 43%. This is unacceptable risk for an aircraft engine, which requires absolutely stable operation in flight. However, stall margin obtained in RBDO is 2.7% higher than the reference value, and the probability of success increases to 95% with the improved efficiency and weight. Therefore, RBDO of the axial compressor for aircraft engine can be a reliable design optimization method through consideration of unexpected disturbance of the flow conditions.     

Investigations on welding residual stress and distortion in a cylinder assembly by means of a 3D finite element method and experiments

In the present work, both experimental and numerical simulation methods are used to investigate the characteristics of welding distortion and residual stress distribution. A 3D thermo-mechanical Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method is used to predict the welding distortion and residual stress of cylinder-shaped multi-pass layer weldments. Each weld pass is performed using a quarter-circle balanced welding procedure. To investigate the influence of deposition sequence and welding heat input on the welding distortion and residual stress, a continuous welding procedure is also calculated. The corresponding FEA models considered a moving heat source, the deposition sequence, and temperature-dependent thermal and mechanical properties. The results predicted by 3D FEA model are generally in good agreement with the measurements. Finally, the numerical and experimental results suggest that both deposition sequence and heat input affect welding distortion and residual stress distribution. Furthermore, the 3D thermal-mechanical FEA method can predict cylinder-type welding distortion.     

行波磁场连续净化铝合金液实验

采用行波磁场进行了电磁连续净化铝合金液实验,并采用电磁净化金属熔体的轨线模型,对实验中的夹杂物去除率进行了理论预测,结果表明,含夹杂的铝合金液连续液经电磁力作用段时,夹杂物被阻隔,形成电磁过滤效应,而夹杂物聚集区域夹杂物面积分数趋于某一常数,轨线模型预测与实验结果吻合良好。     

Note: High speed optical profiler based on a phase-shifting technique using frequency-scanning lasers

We present a high speed optical profiler (HSOP) using frequency-scanning lasers for three-dimensional profile measurements of microscopic structures. To improve upon previous techniques for implementing the HSOP, we developed frequency-scanning lasers and a compact microscopic interferometer. The controller of the HSOP was also modified to generate proper phase-shifting steps. For measurements of step height specimens, the HSOP showed results comparable with a commercial optical profiler, even with much higher measurement speeds (up to 30 Hz). The typical repeatability of step height measurement was less than 1 nm. We also present measurements of microscopic structures to verify the HSOP's ability to perform high speed inline inspection for the semiconductor and flat-panel display industries.     

烧结温度对低压ZnO压敏陶瓷显微结构及电性能的影响

利用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ等技术，研究了ＺｎＯ－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＯ３系低压压敏电阻材料的相民及显微组织，并对不同烧结温度下的电性能进行了研究。结果表明，在１１５０－１２００℃范围内，可通过改变烧结温度调材料的压敏电压值，而材料的非线性系数ａ变化不大。     

XD型醋酸纤维素膜包络体的控制释放特性

用醋酸纤维素膜包络化学肥料、药物、农药等有效成份，研制开发出一类新型的、由内包络体和控速膜构成的控制释放系统──ＸＤ型膜包络体系列。对制备原理、结构形态、膜包络体控制释放特性进行了分析讨论，展示了该类新型控制释放系统的应用前景。     

Formation of an α-SiAlON Layer on ß-SiAlON and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties

We have developed a technique for in situ formation of an alpha-SiAlON layer on sintered ß-SiAlON. The technique consists of packing a powder compact of ß-SiAlON composition with alpha-SiAlON composition powder, presintering, and sintering. Using this technique, it is possible to control the thickness of the layer by changing the presintering conditions during heating to a sintering temperature. The introduction of an alpha-SiAlON layer increases the surface hardness and improves the wear and oxidation resistance, with a moderate reduction of flexural strength. The surface modification of ß-SiAlON may provide opportunities of wider application of ß-SiAlON to wear- and oxidation-resistant components.