离子液体辅助提取葡萄籽中原花青素的工艺研究

原花青素是最有效的天然抗氧化剂,具有清除自由基,防癌抗衰老,美容养颜的功效.以赤霞珠葡萄籽为原料,通过添加优选离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)的乙醇水溶液提取原花青素,考察了提取温度、提取时间、乙醇体积分数、液料比4个因素对原花青素提取效率的影响.根据单因素实验结果设计响应面实验,得到原花青素的最佳工艺参数.该工艺的开发为原花青素的工业生产提供参考.     

基于塑性损伤模型的管片接头阶段分析

基于上海地铁13号线管片接头足尺加载实验,结合ABAQUS中混凝土塑性损伤模型和混凝土结构设计规范,对混凝土CDP模型的参数进行标定,并建立盾构管片接头塑性损伤三维有限元模型,研究管片接头在弯矩和轴力共同作用下的损伤破坏的全过程,对破坏过程中四个阶段的弯矩、裂缝张开量、挠度和损伤之间的关系进行详细分析。结果表明:塑性损伤模型计算得到的挠度-荷载曲线和试验曲线吻合较好,管片接头经历全截面受压阶段、小变形阶段、大变形阶段和接头接触挤压破坏阶段。以裂缝张开量为基础,结合管片接头挠度、弯矩和拉伸损伤带的损伤平均值,提出盾构管片接头损伤破坏的健康评价指标。     

Investigation on the cleaning of KDP ultra-precision surface polished with micro water dissolution machining principle

A potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) optical crystal was machined to an ultra-precision surface with water-in-oil (W/O) micro emulsion polishing fluid. The micro water dissolution principle utilized in the machining process is discussed, its planarization mechanism is illustrated, and an ultra-precision polished surface with 2.205 nm RMS roughness is obtained. However, a substantial quantity of residual contamination remained on the polished surface after machining. This can seriously impact the optical performance of the crystal, and so it must be removed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to conduct an investigation into the composition of the surface residue, and the results showed that the residue was comprised of organic chemicals with hydrocarbon chains and aromatic ether, i.e., mostly the polishing fluid. The cleaning method and the principle on which the KDP ultra precision surface investigation is based are discussed in detail, and the cleaning experiments with selected KDP-compatible organic solvents were then performed. FTIR transmittance spectra measurement and microscopic observations were employed to assess the effects of the cleaning process on the surface of the KDP crystal. The results showed that toluene cleaning achieved the most desirable results. This cleaning method produced a surface roughness of 1.826 nm RMS, which allows the KDP crystal to be applied to subsequent engineering applications.     

Research on the Limit Value of Shape Coefficient of Rural Residences in Severe Cold Regions

Shape coefficient is a significant factor accounting for building energy consumption. In order to decrease the building energy consumption of rural residence in severe cold regions, this paper from the perspective of regulating the shape coefficient limit value, applies the field survey method to statistic and analyze the shape, width and depth of rural residence in severe cold regions and concludes the distribution characteristics and scope of building area. On this basis, though calculating and analyzing the relations between shape coefficient and length-width ratio under different building areas, meanwhile comprehensive considering the building function, farmers’ living mode and requirements etc, it put forward that the shape coefficient of rural residence in severe cold regions should below 0.8. It has important significance for guiding the rural energy-saving house design and construction of severe cold regions.     

角接触球轴承热力学耦合模型与分析方法

接触球轴承运行时,其力学性能与热态特性之间存在高度耦合与交互,轴承热预紧力在这一过程中起着桥梁连接作用。在研究角接触球轴承非线性力学性能与热效应耦合机制的过程中,分析了结合面接触热阻、油气润滑及周边组件换热等边界条件对轴承热态特性的影响,提出了一种角接触球轴承热力学耦合分析方法,并基于多软件协同计算平台建立了轴承热力学耦合模型。在轴承实验平台上,借助热巡检仪,利用轴承套表面开设的测温工艺孔实施了温度实验,对轴承热力学耦合模型的仿真计算结果进行了验证。该模型可用于预测角接触球轴承在不同转速下热预紧力的变化规律,分析比较热预紧力对轴承运行刚度的影响。     

Optimization-based cosmetic formulation: Integration of mechanistic model,surrogate model,and heuristics

Multiple functional and hard-to-quantify sensorial product attributes that can be satisfied by a large number of cosmetic ingredients are required in the design of cosmetics. To overcome this problem, a new optimization-based approach for expediting cosmetic formulation is presented. It exploits the use of a hierarchy of models in an iterative manner to refine the search for creating the highest-quality cosmetic product. First, a systematic procedure is proposed for optimization problem formulation, where the cosmetic formulation problem is defined, design variables are specified, and a set of models for sensorial perception and desired product properties are identified. Then, a solution strategy that involves iterative model adoption and two numerical techniques (i.e., generalized disjunctive programming reformulation and model substitution) is applied to improve the efficiency of solving the optimization problem and to find better solutions. The applicability of the proposed procedure and solution strategy is illustrated with a perfume formulation example.     

Structure,crystallization, and performances of alkaline-earth boroaluminosilicate sealing glasses for SOFCs

We study the structure, crystallization, and performances of the sealing glasses with the composition (mol.%) of 12Al₂O₃·8B₂O₃·40SiO₂·40RO (R = Mg, Ca, Sr) for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) before and after isothermal treatment at 700°C, which is within the operation temperature range (600-800°C) of SOFCs. The crystallization behavior has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction under both dynamic and isothermal conditions. The structural evolution is probed using the Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The performances of the sealing glasses are characterized in terms of the coefficient of thermal expansion, the crystallization-induced stress at glass–steel interface. We find that strong crystallization occurs at the operation temperature (700°C) far below the crystallization onset temperature measured by DSC. The structure origin of this anomalous crystallization is discussed in terms of structural heterogeneity of the three studied glasses. We determine the residual stress at the interface between the Ca-containing glass and the steel after isothermal treatment at 700°C for 48 h, but this stress does not lead to falling off the glass layer from the steel. This indicates that this glass is a good candidate to be applied in SOFCs.     

Engineering all-aromatic polyamide surface from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic and the accelerated strategy

Being a new kind of nanomaterials, aromatic polyamide nanofibers (ANF) have been much highlighted in recent studies. We here demonstrate an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) accelerated chemical cleavage on poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) chopped fibers, which provides an efficient preparation method of ANF. The comprehensive study on the processes accelerated by different alcohols revealed that the preparation time of ANF in the mixed medium of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-alcohol (20:1 in volume) was shorten to 45 min and 75 min for methanol (ethanol) and isopropanol, respectively. However, the nanofibers prepared in DMSO-IPA exhibited the minimum in axial and radial dimensions, providing the finest and most uniform diameter of 16 nm. The corresponding ANF films through vacuum assisted filtration also showed the highest tensile strength of 150 MPa, in comparison with those of the ANF films prepared using other alcohols, which were about 110 MPa. Furthermore, ANF/silicon hybrid films were prepared by the ionic ring-opening reaction followed by the alkoxysilane condensation and nanoparticle fabrication. By changing the organo functional groups in the alkoxysilane, the surface of the films were adjustable in a wide contact angle range from 56° (hydrophilic) to 150° (superhydrophobic), suggesting the amendable interfacial properties potential applicable to composite fabrication with most of the resin matrix.     

负载换流逆变器驱动电励磁同步电机无速度传感器模型预测控制方法

负载换流逆变器(LCI)驱动电励磁同步电机控制系统广泛应用于中高压场合,在应对干扰和负载变化上,较大的系统惯性系数和较低的开关频率导致其动态响应性能欠佳.该文提出一种基于LCI驱动电励磁同步电机的无速度传感器模型预测控制方法.首先根据LCI的数学模型建立预测状态方程,同时给出合适的代价函数和约束条件;然后分析负载换相模式下的控制矢量模型,给出速度观测器的设计方法和参数选择依据,并针对负载变化对速度观测产生的影响进行分析和补偿.同时该观测器还能够同时实现逆变桥输入电压和端电压相位的观测;最后,通过3.75kW的LCI驱动电励磁同步电机实验平台对提出的无速度传感器模型预测控制方法进行实验验证.结果表明所提出的控制方法能够有效提升系统的动态响应性能,所设计的观测器具有可行性,速度观测结果在额定阶跃负载下误差小于13°.     

一种制备纳米复合镀层的新方法

研究了一种制备纳米复合镀层的新方法--在直流电镀过程中对电镀液施加强磁场以代替机械搅拌来制备Ni/Al2O3纳米复合镀层,考察了镀层的结构,并对镀层性能进行了研究.结果表明,在强磁场下可以制得纳米复合镀层;与未加磁场的纯镍镀层相比,施加磁场后镀层的晶体结构发生了择优取向;当磁场强度为8T时,复合镀层的磨损率仅为纯镍镀层的25%,其耐蚀性与Q235钢相比提高56.3%,与纯镍镀层相比提高46.8%.强磁场对电镀液起到较好的搅拌作用,通过影响镀层中纳米微粒的含量,使镀层结构发生变化,进而影响镀层的性能.