流域生态环境需水与缺水的快速评估(Ⅰ)：理论

为识别生态环境缺水严重的区域,合理评价生态环境用水的配置效果,本文提出了一种新的流域生态环境需水与生态环境缺水快速评估方法。将流域的生态环境需水满足程度定义为,流域"实际生态环境用水"与流域在未受或少受人类活动干扰时的"自然状态条件下的生态环境用水"的接近程度。以土地利用资料为基础,运用层次分析法构建流域生态环境需水特征指标来表征流域生态环境用水的相对大小;借鉴水体生物快速评估法的思想,通过流域单元划分、参照单元选择、参照组构建、参照组匹配、观测值与期望值的比较计算等步骤,可以对不同级别流域的生态环境缺水问题进行深入分析,从而快速识别生态环境缺水严重区域、预测其生态环境缺水动态变化,并对生态环境用水配置效果进行评价。     

网络分流诱捕系统的设计和实现

提出了一种Windows环境下网络分流诱捕系统的设计和实现方法。它根据IDS规则库,利用Windows DDK网络驱动NDIS中间层技术实现网络流量的过滤和分流,为Honeypot收集大量非法流量,提高了Honeypot的效率,同时阻隔面向真实服务器的攻击流量,保护了真实服务器。     

刚性基础下柔性桩桩侧摩阻力及有效桩长的研究

复合地基加固软土地基应用广泛,但对其加固机理的认识还并不全面,对摩阻力的分布规律也有待研究。基于桩土顶部位移相等原理,利用Mindlin位移解推导了刚性基础下柔性桩摩阻力和桩轴力的分布形式,得到最大摩阻力及其深度的计算公式。对摩阻力分布形式进行简化,并在此基础上推导出有效桩长的计算公式。     

MMC-HVDC系统直流侧非金属性短路故障电流计算方法

为研究基于模块化多电平换流器的高压直流输电(MMC-HVDC)系统直流侧短路电流的工程实用计算方法,基于金属性短路故障电流通用解析式,分析了MMC-HVDC系统发生非金属性短路故障时换流站放电电流的相互抑制作用以及放电回路的耦合机理,并基于所推导的解析表达式提出了故障电流的解耦计算方法。基于PSCAD/EMTDC对MMC-HVDC系统发生非金属性短路故障工况进行仿真分析,将仿真结果与解析计算值进行对比验证。搭建数字-物理混合仿真实验模型,在数字端和物理端分别设置短路故障,对比实验值与解析计算值。验证结果表明,所提故障电流计算方法能准确地表征MMC-HVDC系统直流侧非金属性短路故障电流的演变趋势。     

基于有限时间未知输入观测器的一类受扰非线性系统故障检测与估计

针对一类非线性系统同时存在执行器故障、传感器故障和扰动的问题,提出一种基于有限时间未知输入观测器的故障检测与估计方法.首先,通过线性非奇异变换将原系统解耦为两个降阶的子系统,其中一个子系统只包含扰动,另一个子系统同时包含扰动和故障;然后,通过一阶低通滤波器获得新的状态并与子系统构成增广系统,实现将原系统的传感器故障转化为增广系统的执行器故障;接着,设计未知输入观测器对增广系统故障进行检测,实现在有限时间内估计出系统的扰动和故障,并通过理论分析验证所设计观测器的有限时间收敛性;最后,基于永磁同步电机(PMSM)转速系统进行仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

城市森林公园项目运作模式的研究

城市森林公园是城市化和社会经济发展的必然产物,对城市的健康可持续性发展,乃至和谐社会的构建都具有重要的环保、社会、经济作用。以上海海湾森林公园为例,就城市森林公园项目相关产业关系及价值链分析、项目运作方案和项目运作目标等几个方面作初步的探讨,并进一步推导出城市森林公园项目产业运作模式的整体思路。     

Bivalent EGFR-Targeting DARPin-MMAE Conjugates

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a validated tumor marker overexpressed in various cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma (SSC) of the head and neck and gliomas. We constructed protein-drug conjugates based on the anti-EGFR Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) E01, and compared the bivalent DARPin dimer (DD1) and a DARPin-Fc (DFc) to the monomeric DARPin (DM) and the antibody derived scFv425-Fc (scFvFc) in cell culture and a mouse model. The modular conjugation system, which was successfully applied for the preparation of protein-drug and -dye conjugates, uses bio-orthogonal protein-aldehyde generation by the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE). The generated carbonyl moiety is addressed by a bifunctional linker with a pyrazolone for a tandem Knoevenagel reaction and an azide for strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). The latter reaction with a PEGylated linker containing a dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) for SPAAC and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as the toxin provided the stable conjugates DD1-MMAE (drug-antibody ratio, DAR = 2.0) and DFc-MMAE (DAR = 4.0) with sub-nanomolar cytotoxicity against the human squamous carcinoma derived A431 cells. In vivo imaging of Alexa Fluor 647-dye conjugates in A431-xenografted mice bearing subcutaneous tumors as the SCC model revealed unspecific binding of bivalent DARPins to the ubiquitously expressed EGFR. Tumor-targeting was verified 6 h post-injection solely for DD1 and scFvFc. The total of four administrations of 6.5 mg/kg DD1-MMAE or DFc-MMAE twice weekly did not cause any sequela in mice. MMAE conjugates showed no significant anti-tumor efficacy in vivo, but a trend towards increased necrotic areas (p = 0.2213) was observed for the DD1-MMAE (n = 5).     

Molecular Cross-Talk between Gravity- and Light-Sensing Mechanisms in Euglena gracilis

Euglena gracilis is a photosynthetic flagellate. To acquire a suitable position in its surrounding aquatic environment, it exploits light and gravity primarily as environmental cues. Several physiological studies have indicated a fine-tuned relationship between gravity sensing (gravitaxis) and light sensing in E. gracilis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. The photoreceptor photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) has been studied for over a decade. Nevertheless, no direct/indirect interaction partner (upstream/downstream) has been reported for PAC. It has been shown that a specific protein, kinase A (PKA), showed to be involved in phototaxis and gravitaxis. The current study reports the localization of the specific PKA and its relationship with PAC.     

一种融合义原的中文摘要生成方法

旨在对冗长的文本进行简短精确的总结,同时保留文本的原始语义。该文提出一种融合义原的中文摘要生成方法(Add Sememe-Pointer Model, ASPM),以词为单位在LCSTS数据集上进行实验。算法利用基于Seq2Seq的指针网络模型以解决由于词汇表规模导致的未登录词问题。考虑到中文一词多义现象较多,只通过指针网络模型难以很好地理解文本语义,导致生成的摘要可读性不高。方法引入了义原知识库,训练多义词的词向量表示,准确地捕捉一个词在上下文的具体含义,并对LCSTS中的一些多义词进行义原标注,以使算法能更好地获取数据集中词语的语义信息。实验结果表明,该文提出的融合义原的中文摘要生成方法可以得到更高的ROUGE分数,使生成的摘要更加具有可读性。