Multi‐Enzymatic Biosynthesis of Chiral β‐Hydroxy Nitriles through Co‐Expression of Oxidoreductase and Halohydrin Dehalogenase

To establish a system for the efficient one bacterial multi‐enzymatic biosynthesis of both (R)‐ and (S)‐β‐hydroxy nitriles, we co‐expressed alcohol dehydrogenases with opposite stereoselectivities, cofactor regeneration enzymes, and a halohydrin dehalogenase in Escherichia coli. By researching cofactor recycling and various co‐expression strategies and by selecting and engineering the halohydrin dehalogenase, we engineered two E. coli strains, which were subsequently used in a cascade of reactions to produce chiral β‐hydroxy nitriles with high enantiomeric excess directly from prochiral α‐halo ketones. Three valuable pharmaceutical intermediates were prepared by means of this catalytic system, and substrate conversion reached about >99%. More importantly, the system is of low cost because there is no need for expensive cofactors or for expression and purification of the component enzymes.

     

ATRP法制备PVDF-g-PS共聚物及其表征

采用ATRP法制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)接枝苯乙烯共聚物(PVDF-g-PS),对产物的结构与性能进行了表征。结果表明:随着接枝率的提高,接枝共聚物的熔点和熔融焓下降,且PVDF在接枝后表面由光滑转变为凹凸不平的形貌。     

基于工作过程的《油品计量技术》课程开发与实践

针对高等职业教育课程特点,解析高等职业教育课程开发的方向,对“工作过程”的内涵及外延进行剖析。以《油品计量技术》课程为例,介绍了基于工作过程的高职课程开发与实施步骤,剖析了如何构建具有针对性、实用性与发展性的基于工作过程的高职课程体系,充分体现了高职教育教学模式的实践性、开放性和职业性。     

聚甲醛/可反应性纳米SiO2复合材料的非等温结晶动力学及动态力学性能

采用熔融共混法制备了聚甲醛(POM)/可反应性纳米二氧化硅(RNS)复合材料。通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了RNS对聚甲醛非等温结晶行为的影响;分别用修正Avrami方程的Jeziorny法和Mo法研究了POM及其复合材料的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明,两种方法均能较好地描述复合材料的非等温结晶动力学,RNS的加入对POM结晶起到了异相成核作用,使得复合材料在较高的温度下即开始结晶,同时RNS又具有抑制结晶的作用,使得复合材料的结晶速率降低,半结晶时间t1/2增大。Avrami指数n有所降低,说明RNS改变了POM的结晶和生长过程。动态力学分析(DMA)研究结果表明,POM复合材料的储能模量也有所增加,Tg向高温方向移动,说明RNS与POM之间存在着较强的相互作用。     

抗高温平衡水钻井液体系性能研究

针对东海低孔渗油气田后期开发面临的高温和低孔渗储层保护问题,为提高平衡水钻井液体系的抗高温性能,构建了抗高温平衡水钻井液体系.该钻井液体系在180℃高温下性能稳定、润滑性好、抑制性强、滤液油-波界面张力低,能够有效降低摩阻、稳定井壁和保护储层.体系中加入的高效封堵材料可以进一步减少滤液侵害,为预防井壁水化膨胀和坍塌提供了更好的技术保障.抗高温平衡水钻井液体系为东海低孔渗油气田在井壁稳定、储层保护和钻井液高温稳定等方面的研究提供了更好的钻井液技术支持.     

Reverse osmosis performance of organosilica membranes and comparison with the pervaporation and gas permeation properties

Hybrid organosilica membranes were successfully prepared using bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) and applied to reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The organosilica membrane calcined at 300^°C almost completely rejected salts and neutral solutes with low‐molecular‐weight. Increasing the operating pressure led to an increase in water flux and salt rejection, while the flux and rejection decreased as salt concentration increased. The water permeation mechanism differed from the viscous flow mechanism. Observed activation energies for permeation were larger for membranes with a smaller pore size, and were considerably larger than the activation energy for water viscosity. The organosilica membranes exhibited exceptional hydrothermal stability in temperature cycles up to 90^°C. The applicability of the generalized solution‐diffusion (SD) model to RO and pervaporation (PV) desalination processes were examined, and the quantitative differences in water permeance were accurately predicted by the application of generalized transport equations. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1298–1307, 2013     

基体对镁合金微弧氧化膜致密性的影响

采用致密化微弧氧化技术在Mg-Gd-Y,AZ 91D和ZM 6三种镁合金表面制备微弧氧化膜。通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段,比较了在三种镁合金表面制备的微弧氧化膜的致密性。三种镁合金微弧氧化膜的致密性依次为:Mg-Gd-Y>AZ 91D>ZM 6。可见,基体对微弧氧化膜具有重要的影响。该影响主要是由各合金上微弧氧化膜的PBR值(即氧化物与形成该氧化物所消耗的金属的体积比)不同所导致的,PBR值越高,微弧氧化膜越致密。     

水煤浆加压气化装置的技术改进

介绍渭河煤化工集团水煤浆加压气化装置的流程,总结装置开车8年来运行中存在的主要问题．通过技术改造实现了装置的长周期运行。     

聚醚砜的磺化与热性能

以浓硫酸为溶剂 ,氯磺酸为磺化剂对聚醚砜 (PES)进行了磺化 ,制备了不同磺化度的磺化聚醚砜 (SPES)。探讨了反应的影响因素 ,分析了 SPES的热稳定性。结果表明 SPES的 Tg较 PES升高 ,随着磺化度的增加 ,SPES的降解温度降低。     

2,4,6-三溴苯胺对环氧树脂固化物阻燃耐热性的影响

用氧指数 (LOI) ,TG法测定研究了 2 ,4,6-三溴苯胺 (TBA)对环氧树脂酸酐固化物阻燃耐热性的影响 ,结果表明 TBA能较好地阻燃树脂固化物 ,TBA与 Sb2 O3 和磷酸三苯酯 (TPP)配用时具有阻燃协同效应 ,且对环氧树脂酸酐固化物的热稳定性影响较小。