筛网LAD通道液氮动态出流性能研究

为了研究筛网LAD通道结构在低温推进剂中的气液分离及输送性能,设计、加工了覆盖筛网的圆管通道并通过可视化实验获得了液氮中LAD通道有效工作时的极限排放高度,并分析了流动损失的组成.结果 表明,325×2300 Dutch Twill型编织筛网在自增压过程中发生泡破时的液氮极限排放高度为280 mm,所产生的水力静压损失...     

牛仔布边字的设计

研究牛仔布布边边字的设计方法。根据牛仔布布身特点选择了边字组织,确定了边字规格,对字型进行了调整,绘制出了边字组织图;根据实际设备条件及生产时可能会面临的问题,对设计出的边字组织图进行改进,对比分析了两种改进方案。结果指出:牛仔布边字设计与生产还处于探索阶段,边字设计时要结合牛仔布布身的特点和实际生产设备条件进行研究,以达到理想的效果。     

Nitric oxide fumigation stimulates flavonoid and phenolic accumulation and enhances antioxidant activity of mushroom

The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on antioxidant activity and contents of phenolics and flavonoids in mushroom Russula griseocarnosa were investigated. Freshly harvested mushrooms were fumigated with 0, 10, 20 and 30μLL(-1) NO at 20°C for 2h and then taken to examine the antioxidant activities using assays of reducing power, chelating effect on ferrous ions, scavenging effect on hydroxyl free radicals, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The results showed that the antioxidant activities of the mushrooms fumigated with NO were significantly increased when compared to the controls. Moreover, NO fumigation significantly enhanced phenolic and flavonoid contents and stimulated the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase. The results indicated that NO fumigation might have potential application for enhancing the bioactive compounds and improving antioxidant activities in the mushrooms. Furthermore, the data suggested that the NO-induced phenolic and flavonoid accumulation was due to the activation of the biosynthetic pathways in the mushrooms.     

Plant-derived polyphenols attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor production in murine microglia and macrophages

Lipopolysaccharides released during bacterial infections induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lead to complications such as neuronal damage in the CNS and septic shock in the periphery. While the initial infection is treated by antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents would be advantageous add-on medications. In order to identify such compounds, we have compared 29 commercially available polyphenol-containing plant extracts and pure compounds for their ability to prevent LPS-induced up-regulation of NO production. Among the botanical extracts, bearberry and grape seed were the most active preparations, exhibiting IC(50) values of around 20 mug/mL. Among the pure compounds, IC(50) values for apigenin, diosmetin and silybin were 15, 19 and 12 muM, in N-11 murine microglia, and 7, 16 and 25 muM, in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, respectively. In addition, these flavonoids were also able to down-regulate LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor production. Structure-activity relationships of the flavonoids demonstrated three distinct principles: (i) flavonoid-aglycons are more potent than the corresponding glycosides, (ii) flavonoids with a 4'-OH substitution in the B-ring are more potent than those with a 3'-OH-4'-methoxy substitution, (iii) flavonoids of the flavone type (with a C2=C3 double bond) are more potent than those of the flavanone type (with a at C2-C3 single bond).     

Dried Tomato‐Flavored Probiotic Cream Cheese with Lactobacillus paracasei

Abstract: A dried tomato‐flavored probiotic cream cheese (P) containing Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc‐37 was developed for the purpose of this study. The same product, but without probiotic addition (C) was used as control. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris were used as lactic starter cultures. Chemical composition analyses and sensory tests were performed on days 1 and 7, respectively. Titratable acidity, pH value and L. paracasei population were determined every 7 d during the refrigerated storage (21 d) of the cream cheeses. The experiment and analyses were performed in triplicate, using standard methods. Probiotic population remained greater than 10⁷ CFU/g throughout the storage period, thereby characterizing the product as potentially probiotic. Cream cheeses C and P did not differ on the sensory tests, both obtaining good overall acceptance by the consumers, of which 82.6% stated that they certainly or probably would buy the product. Practical Application: Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc‐37 is a probiotic bacterium and clinical studies have shown that this microorganism beneficially affects its host. In general, dried tomato‐flavored products and cream cheese are products with good acceptance by the consumers. Thus, regular consumption of the probiotic cream cheese developed in this study may have positive effects on health and well being of people if incorporated into their diet.     

基于非标记蛋白质组学技术研究白羽肉鸡不同部位肌肉的蛋白差异

蛋白质作为肉类组成的重要部分,其发生改变会引起肉品质的变化,不同部位肌肉的理化特性及蛋白质组成不同。通过非标记蛋白质组学定量技术和数据非依赖型扫描技术,对白羽肉鸡鸡腿肉和鸡胸肉进行蛋白质鉴定和定量分析,并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果表明：鸡腿肉和鸡胸肉中共鉴定出875 个蛋白质与16 855 条肽段,且筛选出98 个差异蛋白;对鸡腿肉中的上调差异蛋白进行基因本体论（gene ontology,GO）组分富集分析的结果显示,在生物学过程中,其主要参与酰基辅酶A脱氢酶的脂肪酸β-氧化、三羧酸循环等过程,在细胞组分中主要富集于线粒体内,在分子功能中主要具有氧化还原酶活性、脂肪酰基辅酶A结合、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸结合、肌动活动、电子载体活性、黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸结合和催化活性等功能;鸡胸肉中上调差异蛋白的GO组分富集分析结果显示,在生物学过程中,其主要富集在骨骼肌收缩过程,在细胞组分中富集于胞外外泌体中的蛋白质最多;鸡腿肉中的高表达蛋白均富集于运动相关功能,而鸡胸肉中的上调蛋白多富集于肌肉收缩功能。     

高效液相色谱法测定纳豆胶囊中的葛根素

建立了富含葛根素的纳豆胶囊中葛根素的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经过体积分数70%的甲醇提取后,采用ZORBAX ODS C18（5 μm, 4.6 mm×200 mm)色谱柱分离,以甲醇-36%乙酸-水（25∶3∶72）为流动相进行洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长247 nm。结果表明,葛根素在0～1 000 mg/L范围内线性关系良好（R2=0.999 4）,检出限是0.005 mg/g。在10 mg/g、20 mg/g、30 mg/g添加水平下葛根素的平均回收率为99.5%～104.5%,相对标准偏差为3.8%。该方法简单快速、回收率高、准确性好,可用于富含葛根素的纳豆胶囊中葛根素含量分析。     

耐盐乳酸菌的筛选及其诱变育种与耐受性研究

为缓解红酸汤工业化生产中主要原料辣椒脱盐工序带来的营养风味流失及水污染问题,从传统发酵辣椒制品中筛选出1株耐盐乳酸菌L-14,经鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),在80 g/L NaCl条件下培养24 h活菌数达(8.20±0.118) lg CFU/mL,产酸量为(7.770±0.033) g/L。对其进行二轮紫外诱变以提高其耐盐产酸性,并比较突变菌株与原始菌株在耐酸、耐胆盐、耐人工模拟胃肠液、耐盐(NaCl)等耐受能力,得到1株突变菌株L14U2-3,在80 g/L NaCl条件下培养24 h产酸量为(8.989±0.095) g/L,较原始菌株提高15.69%,且连续传代10代产酸量无显著差异。突变菌株L14U2-3较原始菌株L-14,在pH 2.0时培养3 h存活率提高4.09%;在3 g/L胆盐下处理24 h活菌数提高5.32%;经胃肠液处理后,2株菌活菌数分别为(6.73±0.10)、(6.68±0.11) lg CFU/mL,无区别;在80 g/L NaCl下培养24 h菌株L14U2-3的活菌数为(8.89±0.003) lg CFU/...     

超声法提取芦笋老茎中黄酮类物质的研究

以芦笋老茎为原料,利用超声波强化,提取黄酮类化合物。研究结果表明,最优提取条件为提取温度50℃,料液比1:5,时间45min,超声功率为150W。总黄酮得率高达4.23%。     

母乳婴儿源乳杆菌的筛选及其免疫调节能力研究

以分离自母乳婴儿源的乳杆菌——鼠李糖乳杆菌BF-1、植物乳杆菌BF-15、唾液乳杆菌BF-29、干酪乳杆菌BF-55为对象,研究这些菌株对体外模拟人工胃、肠液及胆盐的耐受性,对Caco-2细胞的黏附能力、安全性和对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性的影响,探讨菌株的免疫调节活性。试验结果表明:植物乳杆菌BF-15对人工消化液和胆盐有较强的耐受性,对Caco-2细胞黏附能力[(7.10±0.30)CFU/cell]显著高于阳性对照菌株LGG[(3.90±0.30)CFU/cell](P<0.05);BF-15除对氨基糖苷类、糖肽类抗生素的固有耐药性外,对苯唑西林、头孢噻吩也有耐药性,无抗性质粒;BF-15和LGG的活性和热致死菌在一定的菌浓范围(1×10^6~10^7CFU/mL)均促进体外小鼠淋巴细胞增殖,表现出剂量依赖关系,同时活性菌株作用效果明显优于热致死菌株。在相同菌浓条件下,两株菌体外免疫调节能力没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。母乳婴儿源乳杆菌——植物乳杆菌BF-15具有较强的抗逆性,较高的黏附性和一定的免疫调节能力。