Children's moral evaluations of reporting the transgressions of peers: Age differences in evaluations of tattling.

The way children evaluate the reporting of peers' transgressions to authority figures was investigated. Participants, ages 6–11 years (N = 60), were presented with a series of vignettes, each of which depicted a child who committed either a minor transgression (such as not finishing the vegetables at lunch) or a more serious transgression (such as stealing from a classmate). Participants were asked to evaluate the decision of a child observer who either did or did not report the transgression to a teacher. Younger children considered reporting to be appropriate for both types of transgressions, but older children considered reporting to be appropriate for major transgressions only. Results are interpreted with reference to (a) a changing peer culture in which the social cost of reporting transgressions increases and (b) a developmental change in children's cognitive capabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Design considerations for multi-band OFDM polar transmitter of UWB system

The requirements for the envelope and phase paths in a multi-band orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) polar transmitter for ultra-wideband (UWB) are studied at system level. The results show that the bandwidth of the envelope of the polar signal require at least 1.1 times the bandwidth of in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q). But the bandwidth of the phase of polar signals should be at least 7.1 times in order to pass the error vector magnitude requirement in the ECMA standard. In addition, time delay mismatch of less than 0.36 ns is also required.     

Swarm-based analysis through social behavior of grey wolf optimization and genetic programming to predict friction capacity of driven piles

Engineering with Computers - The advantage of new data mining-based solutions, and more recently, optimization algorithms (i.e., basically swarm-based solutions) have enhanced traditional...     

Dimethyl sulfoxide as an anticalcification agent for glutaraldehyde-fixed biological tissue

Dimethylsulfoxide has been found to mitigate the calcification of glutaraldehyde-fixed biological tissue in the rat subdermal model. This effect is achieved with neat dimethylsulfoxide either prior to or after glutaraldehyde fixation of the biological tissue. The calcium levels for the 21 days post-implant for both methods are over 20 times less than the controls. However, fixation of the tissue with glutaraldehyde before dimethylsulfoxide treatment appears to better control calcification over the longer term. Histological examination of samples after exposure before or after implantation show no deleterious effects to the tissue due to dimethylsulfoxide.     

Energy flow in lossless tube model of vocal tract with applicationsto glottal closure and opening detection

The detection of glottal closure and opening instants is needed for pitch-synchronous analysis in several areas of speech processing. The authors examine the flow of energy in the lossless-tube model of the vocal tract and show how linear predictive analysis may be used to estimate the waveform of acoustic input power at the glottis. It is demonstrated that this signal may be used to identify the instants of glottal closure and opening during voiced speech     

Understanding movement for interaction design: frameworks and approaches

The results of a study of two computer games, that use human movement as direct input, were analysed using four existing frameworks and approaches, drawn from different disciplines that relate to interaction and movement. This enabled the exploration of the relationships between bodily actions and the corresponding responses from technology. Interaction analysis, two design frameworks and Laban movement analysis were chosen for their ability to provide different perspectives on human movement in interaction design. Each framework and approach provided a different, yet still useful, perspective to inform the design of movement-based interaction. Each allowed us to examine the interaction between the player and the game technology in quite distinctive ways. Each contributed insights that the others did not.     

An 800-MHz quadrature digital synthesizer with ECL-compatibleoutput drivers in 0.8 μm CMOS

An 800 MHz quadrature direct digital frequency synthesizer (QDDFS4) chip is presented. The chip synthesizes 12 b sine and cosine waveforms with a spectral purity of -84.3 dBc, The frequency resolution is 0.188 Hz with a corresponding switching speed of 5 ns and a tuning latency of 47 clock cycles. The chip is also capable of frequency and phase modulation. ECL-compatible output drivers are provided to facilitate I/O compatibility with other high speed devices. A high gain amplifier at the clock input enables the QDDFS4 chip to be clocked with ac-coupled RF signal sources with peak-to-peak voltage swings as small as 0.5 V. The 0.8 μm triple level metal N well CMOS chip has a complexity of 94000 transistors with a core area of 5.9×6.7 mm². Power dissipation is 3 W at 800 MHz and 5 V     

Simulation and measurement of radiation loss at multimode fibermacrobends

A ray-tracing model for simulating light propagation in bent multimode fibers is described. The model takes modal effects into account. Calculations of the bend loss using this model are compared with measurements. Reasonable agreement with measured bend losses is obtained by including a realistic modal power distribution (MPD) in the simulation. For situations in which the power per mode in each principle mode group is constant, the simulations predict fractional loss curves as a function of the normalized group number m/M that are independent of wavelength. These curves can be used to predict bend losses in other constant radius bends as long as the MPD is known. The emission pattern of the radiated light has been calculated and qualitative agreement with the measured pattern found. It is suspected that the differences between simulation and experiment might be explained if the exact shape of the fiber in the bend were known and taken into account