Analytical Predictions of Residential Electric Heating System Performance

Performance of a heating system depends on the interrelationship of its component parts. One measure of performance is the cyclic room air temperature swings. This paper presents results of analog computer tests of the predominant factors influencing such air temperature swings: design capacity of the heating system, time constant of the heater, the space itself and furnishings, and the thermostat cycling rate. Also considered is the influence of the heating system on the control air temperature droop.     

Effects of frame-of-reference training on rater accuracy under alternative time delays.

Investigated the effects of frame-of-reference (FOR) training on various indexes of distance and correlational accuracy under alternative time delays. 150 Ss were assigned randomly to either FOR- or control- (i.e., minimal) training conditions, with 1 of 3 time delays: (1) no delay between training, observation, and rating; (2) ratings performed 2 days following training and ratee observations; or (3) ratee observations and ratings completed 2 days following training. Hypotheses were proposed predicting specific relationships between accuracy, recall memory, and learning, depending on the delay period. Overall, results support the categorization perspective on FOR-training effectiveness; however, different results were obtained depending on the type of accuracy index and time delay. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of how they relate to the conceptual distinction between distance and correlational accuracy and to the role of on-line, memory-based, and inference-memory-based processing in the ratings of FOR trained raters. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ECRH for JET: A feasibility study

For JET to fulfil its mission in preparing ITER operation, the installation of an electron cyclotron resonance heating system on JET would be desirable. The study described in this paper has investigated the feasibility of installing such a system on JET. The principal goals of such a system are: current drive over a range of radii for NTM stabilization, sawtooth control and current profile tailoring and central electron heating to equilibrate electron and ion temperatures in high performance discharges. The study concluded that a 12 gyrotron, 10 MW, system at the ITER frequency (170 GHz) adapted for fields of 2.7–3.3 T would be appropriate for the operation planned in JET. An antenna allowing toroidal and poloidal steering over a wide range is being designed, using the ITER upper launcher steering mechanism. The use of ITER diamond windows and transmission line technology is suggested while power supply solutions partially reusing existing JET power supplies are proposed. Detailed planning shows that such a system can be operational in about 5 years from the time that the decision to proceed is taken. The cost and required manpower associated with implementing such a system on JET has also been estimated.     

Hydroelectric Generation: Hydroelectric Projects—Risks and Management

The overriding objectives for the owner in developing an energy project are that the project has the following characteristics:

• Developed on budget
• Developed on schedule
• Fit for purpose concerning performance requirements
• Environmentally and socially acceptable; it has a “social license”

     

Control of reflection at an optical interface in the absence of total internal reflection for a retroreflective display application

Reflection at an interface between two materials can be modulated by means of varying the optical properties at the interface. We have studied this modulation of the reflected light with an aim to develop a flashing retroreflector for roadside conspicuity applications. Reflectance modulation has previously been studied under the conditions of total internal reflection (TIR), where a light-absorbing material placed in the associated evanescent wave region can be used to attenuate the intensity of the reflected light. If instead the light rays strike the interface at an angle that is slightly smaller than the critical angle required for TIR, they instead undergo a substantial, but partial, reflection. We have demonstrated that an analogous attenuation effect to the TIR situation is observed, even though there is no evanescent wave present under these circumstances. We have studied this behavior and have developed a model to describe the motion of the absorbing material and the related interference effects that occur.     

Recognition after tachistoscopic presentations of complex pictorial stimuli.

400 colored slides taken by amateur photographers were shown to 12 male university students at 80, 160, or 1000 msec. Recognition memory for the stimuli was assessed by a 2-alternative forced choice task. High recognition rates were found at each of the exposure times. Results are interpreted as contradicting the prior finding by M. C. Potter and E. I. Levy (see record 1969-12253-001) of low recognition rates under tachistoscopic conditions, and as showing that a single visual fixation can produce high recognition rates. (French summary) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rare event probabilities unfold.

Surveyed 950 automobile drivers to obtain 2 direct measures of the subjective probability of arrest for drunken driving. Ss were approached at 3 shopping malls and asked to complete a questionnaire if they were at least 18 yrs old, held a valid driver's license, and consumed alcoholic beverages. One measure required Ss to select a probability from a rating scale with logarithmically spaced alternatives ranging from 10–6 to 1. The other, obtained from the set of all binary comparisons on a set of probabilities, established the reliability and validity of the rating scale. Least-square estimates of scale values based on G. Bechtel's (1968) algorithm for C. H. Coombs's (see PA, Vols 25:45 and 33:5568) unfolding theory of unidimensional preferential choice were a logarithmic function of the numerical probabilities. Importantly, this was the case for both the Ss receiving the pairs first and for those receiving the pairs second, showing that the logarithmic psychophysical functions were not an artifact of using the logarithmic rating scale first. Converging behavioral evidence and examining the reported frequency of drunken driving and the estimated probability of arrest reinforced the conclusion that the subjective probability of a rare event, such as arrest for drunken driving, could be assessed directly. (French abstract) (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of public education on subjective probability of arrest for impaired driving: A field study

A public education campaign designed to increase impaired drivers' subjective probability of arrest was implemented and evaluated. The campaign stressed implications of recent changes in the Canadian Criminal Code. A quasi-experimental design was used for evaluation such that in the two test cities the law changed and the campaign was presented. In one control city the law changed and the campaign was delayed. In the other control city neither the law was changed nor the campaign shown. Significant increases in knowledge of the changes in legislation occurred in the test cities but not in controls. Subjective probability of arrest for impaired driving (SPAID) also increased in the test cities but not in controls. Increases in SPAID were maintained over a three month period despite declines in knowledge about the legislation, suggesting that variables other than public education may have affected SPAID over time. It is concluded that the immediate increases in knowledge and SPAID were due to the influence of the campaign and that the long term increase in SPAID could not be unequivocally attributed to the effects of public education.     

Further results on a series representation related to the sampling theorem

During the period 1968–1971 there were several papers dealing with a class of series representations for stochastic processes on an infinite time interval. In a special case, these series reduce to the sampling theorem for bandlimited functions. The present paper continues the study of these series. Series representations of functions are studied, but most of the results should extend to stochastic processes. Sufficient conditions for convergence of the series are given and a bound on the truncation error of the series is obtained. A Kullback-Leibler measure of the interdependence of the coefficients in the series is found. Some partial results are obtained on the degree to which the coefficients depend on measurements which are localized in time. Some additional special properties of the coefficients associated with bandlimited functions are also discussed.     

The JET ITER-like wall experiment: First results and lessons for ITER

The JET programme is strongly focused on preparations for ITER construction and exploitation. To this end, a major programme of machine enhancements has recently been completed, including a new ITER-like wall, in which the plasma-facing armour in the main vacuum chamber is beryllium while that in the divertor is tungsten—the same combination of plasma-facing materials foreseen for ITER. The goal of the initial experimental campaigns is to fully characterise operation with the new wall, concentrating in particular on plasma-material interactions, and to make direct comparisons of plasma performance with the previous, carbon wall. This is being done in a progressive manner, with the input power and plasma performance being increased in combination with the commissioning of a comprehensive new real-time protection system. Progress achieved during the first set of experimental campaigns with the new wall, which took place from September 2011 to July 2012, is reported.